浅谈Linux系统的启动流程

        Linux系统的启动时通过读取不同的配置文件,执行相应的Shell脚本完成的。当然本文只是简单的从文件的角度分析,更深层次的本文没涉及。

      

        主要读取了以下文件:

      

        /boot/grub/grub.conf

        /etc/inittab

        /etc/rc5.d(rc.d) 0-99 Seq

        /etc/passwd (Login,input username and password)

        /etc/shadow

        /etc/profile:init the env var of user

        /etc/profile.d/*.sh

        ~/.bash_profile

        ~/.bash_history

        ~/.bashrc

        /etc/bashrc


        我们首先来看grub.conf文件

[root@larrywen grub]# ll menu.lst 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11  7o?=o?= 19 10:52 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf
[root@larrywen grub]# pwd
/boot/grub
grub.conf文件内容:
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-220.el6.i686)
         root (hd0,0)
         kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.i686 ro
root=UUID=ed98469d-857b-4ae5-91e4-118e0167ead7 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD quiet SYSFONT=lat    arcyrheb-sun16 rhgb
crashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM
         initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-220.el6.i686.img

              执行runlevel命令可以看到启动级别是5

[root@larrywen grub]# runlevel
N 5

        我们进入etc目录,可以看到很多rcX.d目录

[root@larrywen grub]# cd /etc/init.d

[root@larrywen init.d]# cd /etc
[root@larrywen etc]# cd rc
rc          rc0.d/      rc1.d/      rc2.d/      rc3.d/      rc4.d/      rc5.d/
rc6.d/      rc.d/       rc.local    rc.sysinit  

        我们进入/etc/profile.d目录,可以看到很多可执行脚本

[root@localhost test]# ll /etc/profile.d/*.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1143 Apr 28  2010 /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   78 Apr 21  2010 /etc/profile.d/cvs.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  192 Dec 12  2005 /etc/profile.d/glib2.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   70 Aug 12  2010 /etc/profile.d/gnome-ssh-askpass.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  288 Sep 24  2009 /etc/profile.d/kde.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2706 Sep  2  2010 /etc/profile.d/lang.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  108 Feb  7  2007 /etc/profile.d/less.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  933 Jun 30  2010 /etc/profile.d/qt.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2142 Sep  8  2010 /etc/profile.d/udisks-bash-completion.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  269 May 19  2010 /etc/profile.d/vim.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  169 May 20  2009 /etc/profile.d/which2.sh

        因为启动级别是5,所以我们进入rc5.d,可以看到很多文件,S表示当系统启动时执行,K表示当系统关闭时执行。

[root@localhost grub]# ll /etc/rc5.d/
K01certmonger       K50netconsole       K75ntpdate          K89rdisc            S11auditd           S24avahi-daemon     S26pcscd            S82abrtd
K01smartd           K50snmpd            K76ipsec            K95cgconfig         S11portreserve      S24nfslock          S26udev-post        S85qpidd
K02oddjobd          K50snmptrapd        K80kdump            K95firstboot        S12rsyslog          S24openct           S28autofs           S90crond
K10psacct           K50vsftpd           K80sblim-sfcb       S00microcode_ctl    S13cpuspeed         S24rpcgssd          S30vboxadd          S95atd
K10saslauthd        K60nfs              K80sssd             S01sysstat          S13irqbalance       S24rpcidmapd        S30vboxadd-x11      S97rhnsd
K15httpd            K69rpcsvcgssd       K84wpa_supplicant   S02lvm2-monitor     S13rpcbind          S25cups             S35vboxadd-service  S98tog-pegasus
K20tomcat6          K73ypbind           K86cgred            S08ip6tables        S15mdmonitor        S25netfs            S50bluetooth        S99local
K36mysqld           K74nscd             K87restorecond      S08iptables         S22messagebus       S26acpid            S55sshd             
K50dnsmasq          K74ntpd             K88nslcd            S10network          S23NetworkManager   S26haldaemon        S80postfix    

        我们再来看看用户主目录下的.bashrc文件内容

[root@localhost grub]# cat ~/.bashrc 
# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
	. /etc/bashrc
fi

         我们再来看看用户主目录下的.bash_profile文件内容

[root@localhost grub]# cat ~/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH


        完整的流程图如下图:

浅谈Linux系统的启动流程_第1张图片



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