Android入门:ListView

 

一、ListView介绍

 

ListView是类似于将一个界面分为一行一行,如下图:

Android入门:ListView_第1张图片

 

ListView只是一个视图,而如果要在这个列表视图中显示数据,则必须要通过“Adapter”,我们通常有三种Adapter:

(1)ArrayAdapter:每行只能是一个文本;

(2)SimpleAdapter:此种方式不是很好,经过测试,只能显示一行数据;

(3)继承BaseAdapter:此种方式较灵活,可以自定义将每行对应到不同的布局xml中;

(4)SimpleCursorAdapter:此处传入的数据不是List,而是数据库查询返回的Cursor; 

 

二、ListView实例

 

这个实例分别实现了三种ListView的使用;

工程的层次结构如下:

Android入门:ListView_第2张图片

 

ListView的界面如图所示:

Android入门:ListView_第3张图片

 

ArrayAdapter的显示界面如下:

Android入门:ListView_第4张图片

 

SimpleAdapter的界面如下:

Android入门:ListView_第5张图片

 

ExtendBaseAdapter的界面如下:

Android入门:ListView_第6张图片

 

 

1.主界面模块:

 

ListViewActivity.java

 

package org.xiazdong;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;

public class ListViewActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
	private Button btn1;
	private Button btn2;
	private Button btn3;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);				//一定要先setContentView,才findViewById
        btn1 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.arrayAdapter);
        btn2 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.simpleAdapter);
        btn3 = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.baseAdapter);
        btn1.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn2.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn3.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		if(v==btn1){
			Intent intent = new Intent(ListViewActivity.this,ArrayAdapterActivity.class);
			this.startActivity(intent);
		}
		else if(v==btn2){
			Intent intent = new Intent(ListViewActivity.this,SimpleAdapterActivity.class);
			this.startActivity(intent);
		}
		else if(v==btn3){
			Intent intent = new Intent(ListViewActivity.this,ExtendBaseAdapterActivity.class);
			this.startActivity(intent);
		}
	}
}


main.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:text="ListView的使用"
        android:textSize="50px" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/arrayAdapter"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/tv"
        android:text="ArrayAdapter" >
    </Button>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/simpleAdapter"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/arrayAdapter"
        android:text="SimpleAdapter" >
    </Button>
	<Button
        android:id="@+id/baseAdapter"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/simpleAdapter"
        android:text="ExtendBaseAdapter" >
    </Button>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="142dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:text="by xiazdong"
        android:textSize="20px" />

</RelativeLayout>

 


2.ArrayAdapter模块

 

ArrayAdapterActivity.java

 

package org.xiazdong;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

/*
 * 每创建一个Activity就要在AndroidManifest.xml中声明
 * ArrayAdapter只能显示基本的字符串
 * SimpleAdapter能够显示自定义视图
 */
public class ArrayAdapterActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView lv;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

		lv = new ListView(this);   //ListView继承View
		List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			list.add("xiazdong-" + i);
		}
		ArrayAdapter<String> sa = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,   //将List赋给ArrayAdapter,采用simple_item_1样式
				android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, list);
		lv.setAdapter(sa);	//将ArrayAdapter的值映射到ListView中
		this.setContentView(lv);
	}
}


 

3.SimpleAdapter模块

 


一般ListView都是用来显示列表的,一般列表的数据都是来自数据库的,因此我们这里假设前面已经实现了一个DBService类,里面存在pageQuery(int offset,int length);

比如dbservice.pageQuery(3,5);表示跳过3个记录,插入5条记录;


Android入门:ListView_第7张图片



main.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"//注意一定要wrap_content
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"//注意一定要wrap_content
        android:orientation="horizontal" >
        <TextView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="ID" />
        <TextView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="NAME" />
        <TextView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="AGE" />
    </LinearLayout>
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
    </ListView>

</LinearLayout>

item.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/id1"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/name"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/age"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>


MainActivity.java


package org.xiazdong.db;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.xiazdong.db.domain.Person;
import org.xiazdong.db.service.DBService;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView listView;
	@Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        listView = (ListView)this.findViewById(R.id.listview);
        DBService service = new DBService(this);
        List<Person> persons = service.pageQuery(0, 10);
        List<HashMap<String,Object>> data = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>>();
        for(Person person:persons){
        	HashMap<String,Object>map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        	map.put("id", person.getId());
        	map.put("name", person.getName());
        	map.put("age", person.getAge());
        	data.add(map);
        }
        System.out.println(data);
        SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, data, R.layout.item, new String[]{"id","name","age"}, new int[]{R.id.id1,R.id.name,R.id.age});
//data表示显示的数据,一个Map为一行,List<Map>表示多行
//R.layout.item表示一个item的布局
//new String[]{"id","name","age"}表示将key="id"的值映射到R.id.id1上
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
	}
}

总结:SimpleAdapter不需要内部实现Adapter,只能实现每个item布局都一样的列表;


 

4.继承BaseAdapter类

 

ExtendBaseAdapterActivity.java

 

package org.xiazdong;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class ExtendBaseAdapterActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView lv;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		lv = new ListView(this);
		MyAdapter ma = new MyAdapter(this, new int[] { R.layout.sub1,
				R.layout.sub2 }); // 分别在每行中显示sub1的布局和sub2的布局
		lv.setAdapter(ma);
		this.setContentView(lv);
	}
}


 

MyAdapter.java

 

package org.xiazdong;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
	private Context context;
	private int layoutID[];
	private LayoutInflater inflator;
	public MyAdapter(Context context, int layoutID[]) {
		this.context = context;
		this.layoutID = layoutID;
		inflator = LayoutInflater.from(context);
	}
	@Override
	public int getCount() { // 一个布局占一行
		return layoutID.length;
	}

	@Override
	public Object getItem(int position) {
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public long getItemId(int position) {
		return 0;
	}

	@Override
	// position表示要显示第几行,0表示第一行
	// convertView表示要显示的视图
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		convertView = inflator.inflate(layoutID[position], null);//每次将一个布局xml映射到一项中
		if (convertView.findViewById(R.id.checkBox1) instanceof CheckBox) {
			CheckBox cb1 = (CheckBox) convertView.findViewById(R.id.checkBox1);
			cb1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new OnCheckedChangeListener() {

				@Override
				public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,
						boolean isChecked) {
					Toast t = Toast.makeText(context, "点击了复选框", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
					t.show();
				}
			});
		}
		if (convertView.findViewById(R.id.button1) instanceof Button) {
			Button b1 = (Button) convertView.findViewById(R.id.button1);
			b1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

				@Override
				public void onClick(View v) {
					Toast t = Toast.makeText(context, "点击了按钮", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
					t.show();
				}
			});
		}
		return convertView;

	}

}


 

sub1.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

   
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/checkBox1"
        android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/checkBox1"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:text="点击弹出提示" />
 	<CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/checkBox1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:text="" />
 	
	
</RelativeLayout>


 

sub2.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 	<TextView
 	    android:id="@+id/textView2"
 	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 	    android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/button1"
 	    android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/button1"
 	    android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
 	    android:text="TextView" />
	<Button
 	    android:id="@+id/button1"
 	    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 	    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 	    android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
 	    android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
 	    android:text="Button" />
</RelativeLayout>


5.SimpleCursorAdapter


注意:如果要使用SimpleCursorAdapter,则要求Cursor的结果集的主键名为_id,因此我们在查询时要用 as _id 进行别名;

比如select id,name from person; 现在要用 select id as _id,name from person; 即可;

主要步骤:

Cursor  cursor = query();

SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,    /*Cotnext*/

    R.layout.item,   /*一个item的布局*/

    cursor,

    new String[]{"name","age"},   /*name,age分别为数据库中表的属性*/

    new int[]{R.id.name,R.id.age});/*R.id.name,R.id.age可以显示数据*/

listview.setAdapter(adapter);





总结:

 

ListView的应用有很多,比如

(1)在一般的游戏中列出排行榜;

(2)“设置”中列出多种子设置;

(3)字典列出单词;

 

 

 

(4)通讯录列表;

 

 

 

你可能感兴趣的:(android,ListView,object,layout,button,encoding)