vsftpd创建匿名Linux FTP服务器
1. 目标
☆ vsftpd的安装以及查看安装的文件和目录
☆ vsftpd服务启动、停止、重启和状态查询
☆ vsftpd详细配置
☆ 使用资源管理器登录匿名FTP服务器
☆ 使用Filezilla登录匿名FTP服务器
2. vsftpd的安装以及查看安装的文件和目录
不同的Linux发行版使用的安装方式不同，以下简要列举了主要的几种安装方式。如果需要更详细的软件管理资料，请查阅其他文章。此处推荐一个文章：http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/106733.html
2.1linux软件安装
2.1.1 apt-get方式安装
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
2.1.2 rpm方式安装
rpm -ivh 软件包名.rpm
2.1.3 dpkg方式安装
dpkg -i 软件包名.deb
2.1.4 yum方式安装
yum install 软件包名
2.1.5 Ubuntu软件中心
如果是Ubuntu桌面版用户，可以使用Ubuntu自带的软件中心，简单方便。当然并不是所有软件在软件中心都能搜索的到，如果找不到，可以到网上下载相关软件的.deb版，下载下来后，双击安装文件就会默认打开软件中心来安装该文件。
2.2查看vsfptd的安装文件和目录
在命令行输入“whereis vsftpd”，查询vsftpd的安装目录和文件，我的机器上Ubuntu 14.04打印的结果如下：
vsftpd: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf~ /etc/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
3.配置vsftpd.conf文件
打开/etc/vsftpd.conf文件，注意，新版本的vsftpd在/etc/目录下有两个vsftpd.conf文件，其中一个为我们需要配置的ftp配置文件。将vsftpd.conf中涉及到匿名文件读写相关配置改一下（下文是已配置好的匿名配置）：
<span style="font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;"># Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=YES # # Run standalone with IPv6? # Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket # instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually # exclusive. #listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default) anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. #xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) #chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=vsftpd # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem # This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key tcp_wrappers=YES no_anon_password=YES</span>
主要修改内容：
- anonymous_enable=YES //是否开启匿名访问，设置为YES
- write_enable=YES //这是全局写权限，一定要设置为YES
- anon_upload_enable=YES //是否开启匿名上传文件功能，如果允许，就设置为YES
- anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //是否开启匿名在FTP上创建目录的权限，如果允许，就设置为YES
- anon_other_write_enable=YES //是否开启匿名删除FTP上的文件以及重命名文件的权限，如果允许，就设置为YES
- no_anon_password=YES //在匿名访问时不需要输入密码，该项是默认配置，在很多版本的vsftpd.conf中可能都没有该项配置，可以不用管
配置匿名FTP服务器主要修改以上几项就可以了。
4. 启动、重启、关闭、查看vsftpd服务
每次对vsftpd.conf配置的更改，都需要重启vsftpd服务，才能使新配置生效。vsftpd服务管理命令如下。
4.1 启动vsftpd服务
service vsftpd start4.2 重启vsftpd服务
service vsftpd restart4.3 关闭vsftpd服务
service vsftpd stop
4.4 查看vsftpd服务
service vsftpd status5. 匿名访问FTP服务器
5.1 资源管理器匿名访问
打开资源管理器，在地址栏输入：“ftp:\\FTP服务器的IP:端口号”，比如，我的ftp服务器IP是192.168.2.121，端口默认为21，那么，在客户机上就应该输入：“ftp:\\192.168.2.121”，然后回车就可以了，因为FTP匿名服务器的端口使用的默认的21端口，所以在输入FTP地址的时候没有输入默认端口号。但是如果FTP服务器使用的是非21端口，那么在IP后面就要加上端口号了。
5.2使用FileZilla访问
为什么使用FileZilla？因为它速度更快，提示信息全面，容错性好，有Linux下的客户端。有时候配置好的FTP，在资源管理器打开，上传文件的时候老是报错，但是在FileZilla下面就可以。因为，在Windows资源管理器打开FTP服务器，上传文件的话，还需要vsftpd.conf文件配置打开如下选项：
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES