ubuntu/Mac系统智能卡操作全攻略1--访问PC/SC读卡器

因为PC/SC是Windows的体系，以系统API的层面服务应用。所以一直以来智能卡相关的读卡器和工具都集中在Windows上，而在unix体系下则一直水土不服。值得庆幸的是随着开源组织M.U.S.C.L.E (Movment for the Use of Smart in Linux Environment)的积极努力下，pcsclite作为Xnix下的PC/SC设备框架和应用接口已经成为了事实上的标准，Mac的Lion系统更是已经在发行版里面集成了此服务。下面以ubuntu 12.0.4 发行版为例子。

#首先安装pcsc的守护进程pcscd和工具

sudo apt-get -y install libusb-dev

sudo apt-get -y install pcscd

#然后安装支持pcsc的读卡器驱动（例子为内置的ACR ACS38U，其它读卡器也可以到网站下载安装)

sudo apt-get -y install libacr38u

#连接读卡器，插卡后运行扫描工具验证安装结果

pcsc_scan

结果如下：
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.4.18 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <[email protected]>
Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.7.4
Using reader plug'n play mechanism
Scanning present readers...
0: ACS ACR38U 00 00


Thu Sep 20 12:55:08 2012
Reader 0: ACS ACR38U 00 00
  Card state: Card inserted, Shared Mode, 
  ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00


ATR: 3B 1D 94 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
+ TS = 3B --> Direct Convention
+ T0 = 1D, Y(1): 0001, K: 13 (historical bytes)
  TA(1) = 94 --> Fi=512, Di=8, 64 cycles/ETU

    62500 bits/s at 4 MHz, fMax for Fi = 5 MHz => 78125 bits/s
+ Historical bytes: 42 72 6F 61 64 54 68 69 6E 6B 69 00 00
  Category indicator byte: 42 (proprietary format)


Possibly identified card (using /usr/share/pcsc/smartcard_list.txt):
NONE


Your card is not present in the database.
You can get the latest version of the database from
  http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt
or use: wget http://ludovic.rousseau.free.fr/softwares/pcsc-tools/smartcard_list.txt --output-document=/home/caesarzou/.smartcard_list.txt


If your ATR is still not in the latest version then please send a mail
to <[email protected]> containing:

#到此为止，PC/SC驱动已经打通，现在我们试试发个APDU

sudo apt-get -y install pcsc-tools

gscriptor

这是一个图形界面的工具，在Script框里面输入: 

00A4040000

点Run按钮，可以看到连接提示，然后就是结果：

Beginning script execution...


Sending: 00 A4 04 00 00 
Received: 6C 12 
Wrong length Le: should be 0x12


Script was executed without error...

#恭喜你，卡片访问成功，现在你一定心痒难耐，想创建你自己的应用了吧？

#安装开发库

sudo apt-get install libpcsclite-dev

#安装eclipse的cdt作为开发环境

sudo apt-get -y install g++
sudo apt-get -y install eclipse eclipse-cdt

#打开eclipse，新建一个C工程，在c文件中加入

#include <PCSC/winscard.h>

#链接到pcsclite库：在C/C++ build / GCC Linker / Libraries 增加 pcsclite

#现在你会幸福的发现，winscard.h里面提供的类型定义和接口和windows是一致的，我们从windows中拷贝一段代码过来：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <PCSC/winscard.h>

int main(void) {
	SCARDCONTEXT m_hContext;
	SCARDHANDLE  m_hCard;
	SCARD_IO_REQUEST io;
	char pmszReaders[100];
	BYTE CAPDU[] = {0x00,0xA4,0x04,0x00,0x00};
	BYTE RAPDU[256+2];
	DWORD cch = 100;
	DWORD i = 0;

	//Insert
	if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, NULL, NULL, &m_hContext))
	{
		printf("Context error");
		return -1;
	}

	//List Reader
	if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardListReaders(m_hContext, NULL, pmszReaders, &cch))
	{
		printf("List Reader error");
		return -2;
	}

	printf("List Readers\n");
	while(i<cch)
	{
		printf("%s\n",pmszReaders+i);
		i += strlen(pmszReaders);
		i ++;
	}

	//Connect first Reader
	io.cbPciLength = sizeof(SCARD_IO_REQUEST);

	if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardConnect(m_hContext, pmszReaders, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0|SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, &m_hCard, &io.dwProtocol))
	{
		printf("Connect Card error");
		return -3;
	}

	//Transmit APDU
	cch = 256+2;
	if(SCARD_S_SUCCESS != SCardTransmit(m_hCard, &io, CAPDU, 5, NULL, RAPDU, &cch))
	{
		printf("Transmit APDU error");
		return -4;
	}
	//echo
	printf("Transmit APDU\n");
	printf("CAPDU: ");
	for(i=0;i<5;i++)
	{
		sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",CAPDU[i]);
		printf("%s",pmszReaders);
	}
	printf("\n");
	printf("RAPDU: ");
	for(i=0;i<cch;i++)
	{
		sprintf(pmszReaders,"%02X",RAPDU[i]);
		printf("%s",pmszReaders);
	}
	printf("\n");

	//DisConnect
	SCardDisconnect(m_hCard, SCARD_EJECT_CARD);

	//Eject
	SCardReleaseContext(m_hContext);
	//puts("!!!Hello World!!!"); /* prints !!!Hello World!!! */
	return 0;
}

#编译运行，输出：
List Readers
ACS ACR38U 00 00


Transmit APDU
CAPDU: 00A4040000
RAPDU: 6C12

大功告成！下一个攻略我会讲一下在ubuntu上基于JavaCard环境和工具的配置，敬请期待。

注：

    ubuntu上libpcsclite的头文件默认位置在/usr/include/PCSC中，多了个目录，有的版本在编译的时候可能有#include 文件错误，可以自行修改如下：

sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/winscard.h

将#include <pcsclite.h>修改为#include <PCSC/pcsclite>，保存退出

sudo vim /usr/include/PCSC/pcsclite.h

将#include <wintypes.h>修改为#include <PCSC/wintypes.h>，保存推出

附件：

ubuntu上的eclipse工程：猛击下载

Mac上的xcode工程：猛击下载