Vim初级：配置和使用

原文链接：http://harttle.com/2013/11/08/vim-config.html

Vim是从vi发展出来的一个文本编辑器。代码补全、编译及错误跳转等方便编程的功能特别丰富，在程序员中被广泛使用。和Emacs并列成为类Unix系统用户最喜欢的编辑器。

文档参见：http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/

中文文档：http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/doc/

基础使用

查看帮助：:help，<Ctrl>] 进入标签，<Ctrl>O 返回。

初始化过程

正如多数 linux 软件，vim 的配置文件分为系统配置文件 /etc/vimrc，/usr/share/vim/ 和用户配置文件 ~/.vimrc，~/.vim/。

vim 的配置文件载入过程为：

1. /etc/vimrc
2. $HOME/.vim/，$HOME/.vimrc
3. $VIMRUNTIME/.vim，$VIMRUNTIME/.vimrc
4. $HOME/.vim/after/

通过运行 vim -V 可查看整个初始化过程。

示例配置文件

一个示例配置文件如下：

" .vimrc
" See: http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html for details

" For multi-byte character support (CJK support, for example):
" set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,gb18030,latin1 set tabstop=4 " Number of spaces that a <Tab> in the file counts for. set shiftwidth=4 " Number of spaces to use for each step of (auto)indent. set expandtab " Use the appropriate number of spaces to insert a <Tab>. " Spaces are used in indents with the '>' and '<' commands " and when 'autoindent' is on. To insert a real tab when " 'expandtab' is on, use CTRL-V <Tab>. set smarttab " When on, a <Tab> in front of a line inserts blanks " according to 'shiftwidth'. 'tabstop' is used in other " places. A <BS> will delete a 'shiftwidth' worth of space " at the start of the line. set showcmd " Show (partial) command in status line. set number " Show line numbers. set showmatch " When a bracket is inserted, briefly jump to the matching " one. The jump is only done if the match can be seen on the " screen. The time to show the match can be set with " 'matchtime'. set hlsearch " When there is a previous search pattern, highlight all " its matches. set incsearch " While typing a search command, show immediately where the " so far typed pattern matches. set ignorecase " Ignore case in search patterns. set smartcase " Override the 'ignorecase' option if the search pattern " contains upper case characters. set backspace=2 " Influences the working of <BS>, <Del>, CTRL-W " and CTRL-U in Insert mode. This is a list of items, " separated by commas. Each item allows a way to backspace " over something. set autoindent " Copy indent from current line when starting a new line " (typing <CR> in Insert mode or when using the "o" or "O" " command). set textwidth=79 " Maximum width of text that is being inserted. A longer " line will be broken after white space to get this width. set formatoptions=c,q,r,t " This is a sequence of letters which describes how " automatic formatting is to be done. " " letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' " ------ --------------------------------------- " c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting " the current comment leader automatically. " q Allow formatting of comments with "gq". " r Automatically insert the current comment leader " after hitting <Enter> in Insert mode. " t Auto-wrap text using textwidth (does not apply " to comments) set ruler " Show the line and column number of the cursor position, " separated by a comma. set background=dark " When set to "dark", Vim will try to use colors that look " good on a dark background. When set to "light", Vim will " try to use colors that look good on a light background. " Any other value is illegal. set mouse=a " Enable the use of the mouse. filetype plugin indent on syntax on