N-Queens II N皇后问题(有几种放法)@LeetCode

是上一题的follow-up,问有总共几种方法。用全局变量易得,但是在java中不能像C++那么方便地用引用或指针传primitive参数。所以我觉得用return value来记录方法数更好!


package Level4;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * N-Queens II
 * 
 * Follow up for N-Queens problem.
 * 
 * Now, instead outputting board configurations, return the total number of
 * distinct solutions.
 * 
 * http://www.leetcode.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/8-queens.png
 * 
 */
public class S52 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(totalNQueens(8));
	}

	public static int totalNQueens(int n) {
		int[] queenList = new int[n];
		return placeQueen(queenList, 0, n);
	}

	// 递归回溯8皇后,关键记录下到达了哪一行了
	public static int placeQueen(int[] queenList, int row, int n){
		// Base Case, 已经完成任务了
		if(row == n){
			return 1;
		}
		
		int cnt = 0;
		// 开始这一行的查找
		// 遍历第row行的所有列,测试哪一个位置是安全的
		for(int col=0; col<n; col++){
			if(isSafe(queenList, row, col)){
				queenList[row] = col;
				cnt += placeQueen(queenList, row+1, n);
			}
		}
		return cnt;
	}
	
	// 判断是否坐标(row,col)的位置是安全的(检查行,列,正反对角线)
	// queenList里面存放行,列坐标pair,即queenList[row] = col
	public static boolean isSafe(int[] queenList, int row, int col){
		for(int preRow=0; preRow<row; preRow++){
			int preCol = queenList[preRow];
			if(preRow == row){		// 理论上不必检查,因为preRow是总是小于row的
				return false;
			}
			if(preCol == col){			// 检查是否在同一列
				return false;
			}
			if(row-preRow == col-preCol){		// 反对角线
				return false;
			}
			if(preRow+preCol == row+col){		// 正对角线
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
		
}


注意N Queen和Sudoku solver不一样的是N Queen可以就用int[] pos一维数组即可,而sudoku则用char[][] boarder二维数组

public class Solution {
    public int totalNQueens(int n) {
        int[] pos = new int[n];
        int[] cnt = {0};
        Arrays.fill(pos, -1);   // initialize to -1
        rec(pos, 0, cnt);
        return cnt[0];
    }
    
    // (row, pos[row])
    public void rec(int[] pos, int row, int[] cnt) {
        if(row >= pos.length) {
            cnt[0]++;
            return;
        }
        for(int col=0; col<pos.length; col++) {
            pos[row] = col;
            if(isValid(pos, row)) {
                rec(pos, row+1, cnt);
            }
            pos[row] = -1;
        }
    }
    
    public boolean isValid(int[] pos, int row) {
        for(int i=0; i<pos.length; i++) {
            if(pos[i] == -1) {      // notice we need to skip initialized status
        		continue;
        	}
            if(i != row && pos[i] == pos[row]) {
                return false;
            }
            if(i != row && Math.abs(row-i) == Math.abs(pos[row]-pos[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}




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