《Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX Step by Step》学习笔记十一:计算成员和动态命名集

SQL Server 2008中SQL应用系列及BI学习笔记系列--目录索引

导读:前面几篇介绍MDX的基本函数,从本文起,开始介绍一些简单的MDX应用。本文是Cube的增强篇,包括:

■1、构建Cube范围的简单计算成员(Calculated Members)

■2、构建Cube范围的复杂计算成员(Calculated Members)

■3、动态命名集(Dynamic Named Sets)

本文所用数据库和所有源码,请到微软官网下载

另外文尾提供两个项目源码:Chapter10_Begin.Rar和Chapter10_End.Rar,顾名思义,开始和完成。请读者自行修改数据源ds的连接串。

1、构建简单的计算成员(Calculated Members)

每个AS的Cube都包含一个单个的MDX脚本,它由一系列声明(statement)组成,其中绝大多数MDX的第一个声明是CALCULATE。下面我们组建一个最基本的计算成员。

例10-1

WITH
MEMBER [Product].[Category].[All Products].[Bikes & Accessories] AS
([Product].[Category].[Bikes]) + ([Product].[Category].[Accessories])
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Reseller Order Count]),
([Measures].[Discount Percentage])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].AllMembers} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

更灵活的方式

例10-2

WITH
MEMBER [Product].[Category].[All Products].[Bikes & Accessories] AS
Aggregate(
{
([Product].[Category].[Bikes]),
([Product].[Category].[Accessories])
},
[Measures].CurrentMember
)
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Reseller Order Count]),
([Measures].[Discount Percentage])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].AllMembers} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

现在我们用create Mmeber在开发环境中设计这个计算成员:

首先,打开vs2008,打开本文提供的示例:MDX Step-by-Step.sln

如下图:

选择Step-By-Step.cube,Calculations选项卡,点击“New Calculated Member”按钮,修改名称为“[Bikes & Accessories]”,
Parent Properties选项,选择“Product.Category”维度,Parent Member选项,选择“[All Products]”,在Expression中输入:

Aggregate(
{
([Product].[Category].[Bikes]),
([Product].[Category].[Accessories])
},
[Measures].CurrentMember
)

最后如下图:

切换到script视图以查看语法:

设计完计算变量后,下一步是部署,步骤如下:

部署完成!

可以通过下例验证刚部署的Cube范围的计算成员

例10-3

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Reseller Order Count]),
([Measures].[Discount Percentage])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Category].AllMembers} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

2、构建复杂计算成员(Calculated Members)

对于以下查询:

例10-4

WITH
MEMBER [Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Average] AS
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])/
([Measures].[Reseller Transaction Count])
,FORMAT_STRING="Currency"
MEMBER [Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Variance] AS
(
([Measures].[Squared Reseller Sales Amount]) /
(([Measures].[Reseller Transaction Count])-1)
) -
(([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Average])^2)
,FORMAT_STRING="Currency"
MEMBER [Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Std Dev] AS
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Variance])^(0.5)
,FORMAT_STRING="Currency"
SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Average]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Variance]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Std Dev])
} ON COLUMNS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

例10-4也可以通过计算成员实现

检验后如上部署,

此时,我们在SSMS管理界面,可以看到:

再用下列查询重新实现10-4

例10-5

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Average]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Variance]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Std Dev])
} ON COLUMNS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

顺便介绍一下NON_EMPTY_BEHAVIOR属性的应用。

在MDX查询器中执行下例:
例10-6

SELECT
{
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Average]),
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount Std Dev])
} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Subcategory].Members} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

在BIDS中如下图设置:

勾选后部署,效果:

3、组装一个命名集(Assembling Named Sets)

看下例查询

例10-7

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
TopCount(
[Product].[Product].[Product].Members,
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
) ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

例10-8

WITH
SET [Top 5 Products] AS
TopCount(
[Product].[Product].[Product].Members,
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
)
SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
{[Top 5 Products]} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

上面两个例子的查询是一致的。[Top 5 Products]就是一个命名集。

在BIDS界面中如下设置(增加一个命名集):

保存并部署,

再调用该命名集

例10-9

SELECT
{([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])} ON COLUMNS,
{[Top 5 Products]} ON ROWS
FROM [Step-by-Step]
;

结果同上。

提示:在Analysis service的2008版本中提供了“Dynamic Named Sets”,之所以称为动态,是因为这个集并不缓存,而是每次使用时动态调用。区别在于Create后面紧跟一个Dynamic关键字

CREATE DYNAMIC SET CURRENTCUBE.[Top 5 Products]
AS TopCount(
[Product].[Product].[Product].Members,
5,
([Measures].[Reseller Sales Amount])
), DISPLAY_FOLDER = 'Sets';

源码下载:

1、 Chapter10_Begin.rar

2、Chapter10_End.rar

小结:

本文介绍Cube的增强功能,主要包括构建计算成员和动态命名集。下文将继续学习实现动态安全。

参考资源:

1、MDX官方教程(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms145506.aspx)


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