Oracle 利用RMAN 完成数据迁移

整体流程：对A机的数据库来一个热备，并且是一个全备，然后通过scp命令把备份传到B机，然后把A库停掉（注意关库不会触发归档），之后再把归档日志和redo日志传给B机，最后再在B库上 restore 和recover

数据文件，控制文件，参数文件  的恢复过程：根据数据库的启动流程，可以知道最先读取数据文件，所以应该先还原参数文件，然后会读控制文件，所以你要再修复控制文件，最后再修复数据文件，

具体操作流程：

一：对A库做一个热全备，

RMAN> backup as backupset database include current controlfile plus archivelog format '/u01/app/oracle/arch_%U.rmn' delete all input;

省列。。。。

Finished backup at 14-AUG-14

二：把所做的备份用scp传给B机。 如红色命令会把A机的ENMOEDU接到B机的Oracle/下，，即Oracle/ENMOEDU

[ oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ scp -r /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU     [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/
The authenticity of host '192.168.80.11 (192.168.80.11)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 54:78:71:4c:93:51:01:f4:e3:83:b5:35:8f:9f:d5:b1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y
Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.80.11' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
o1_mf_nnndf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9o7k_.bkp 100% 148MB 36.9MB/s 00:04
o1_mf_ncnnf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9ws3_.bkp 100% 9568KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
o1_mf_nnndf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9n9o_.bkp 100% 97MB 24.2MB/s 00:04
o1_mf_nnsnf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9nml_.bkp 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
o1_mf_nnndf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9o26_.bkp 100% 140MB 28.0MB/s 00:05
o1_mf_nnndf_SECTION_DF1_9srh9v71_.bkp 100% 145MB 29.0MB/s 00:05
o1_mf_nnndf_SECTION_DF1_9srhb0dh_.bkp 100% 81MB 27.0MB/s 00:03
o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20140814T203309_9ysc8x14_.bkp 100% 9600KB 4.7MB/s 00:02
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140814T203309_9ysc46go_.bkp 100% 1140MB 24.3MB/s 00:47
control02.ctl                                                            100% 9520KB 9.3MB/s 00:01
三：把A库数据库关闭，把归档和redo传给B机，（因为你备份的时候没有关闭数据库，难免会再产生新的归档和redo，为保证一致性，还有必要进行这步）

1. SYS@ENMOEDU> select * from v$log;                      #显示第三组  正在被使用，所以只传它就行（因为别的已经被归档，）

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---
STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
1 1 100 52428800 512 1 YES
INACTIVE 1365811 14-AUG-14 1365876 14-AUG-14

2 1 101 52428800 512 1 YES
INACTIVE 1365876 14-AUG-14 1365981 14-AUG-14

3 1 102 52428800 512 1 NO
CURRENT 1365981 14-AUG-14 2.8147E+14


2. SYS@ENMOEDU> select * from v$logfile;     #查看日志的具体位置

GROUP# STATUS TYPE
---------- ------- -------
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_
---
1 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo01.log
NO

2 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo02.log
NO

GROUP# STATUS TYPE
---------- ------- -------
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IS_
---

3 ONLINE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo03.log
NO

[ oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo03.log [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle
[email protected]'s password:
redo03.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01  

至于归档嘛  我在测试的时候没有切换日志，也不存在日志组写满的情况，所以没有产生归档，又因为我在备份的时候加上了delete all input 所以会把已经备份的归档删掉，所以你不会看到新的归档  也就不用传了  呵呵

四:在B机操作

1，开启伪实例，注意可不要把B机的数据库实例给打开了  因为我的测试B机也有数据库。

[ oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ set DBID=87396644               #设成A机的数据库编号

RMAN> startup                #启动伪实例  

[ oracle@ENMOEDU ENMOEDU]$ rman target /

RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_08_14/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20140814T203309_9ysc8x14_.bkp';

Starting restore at 15-AUG-14

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_08_14/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20140814T203309_9ysc8x14_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 15-AUG-14

[ oracle@ENMOEDU dbs]$ ls                  #恢复的参数文件在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs  下
hc_ENMOEDU2.dat    lkDUMMY   orapwENMOEDU    spfileENMOEDU2.ora

RMAN> shutdown immediate                           #关伪实例

Oracle instance shut down

2.然后再起真正的实例，恢复控制文件（ 要注意，他原来就有,你这样起，把B机的所有文件包括  数据文件 ，控制文件，参数文件，日志文件都删掉）

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes

Fixed Size 1345380 bytes

Variable Size 260049052 bytes

Database Buffers 155189248 bytes

Redo Buffers 6086656 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/ENMOEDU/backupset/2014_08_14/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20140814T203309_9ysc8x14_.bkp';

Starting restore at 15-AUG-14

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 15-AUG-14

3.把数据库开到mount状态，以便修复数据文件。

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> restore database;                    #恢复数据文件   发现报错，很可能是备份已经过期已经，

Starting restore at 15-AUG-14

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK

creating datafile file number=1 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/system01.dbf

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/15/2014 23:21:00

ORA-01180: can not create datafile 1

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/system01.dbf'

RMAN> list backup；          #查看备份信息    发现确实过期

10 13.85M DISK 00:00:02 14-AUG-14

        BP Key: 14 Status: EXPIRED Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140814T203306

        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/arch_50pfv1g2_1_1.rmn

然后再去A机  再来一个整体备份  再传给B机  不在赘述，再恢复控制文件，然后再恢复数据文件， 

再启动到open即可。