Linux Filesystem Hierarchy 之 The Root Directory

1.2. The Root Directory

To comply with the FSSTND the following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are required in /.

为了遵从FSSTND，要求在 / 中包含下面的目录，或者目录的符号链接。

       /bin       Essential command binaries
       /boot      Static files of the boot loader
       /dev       Device files
       /etc       Host−specific system configuration
       /lib       Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
       /media     Mount point for removeable media
       /mnt       Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily
       /opt       Add−on application software packages
       /sbin      Essential system binaries
       /srv       Data for services provided by this system
       /tmp       Temporary files
       /usr       Secondary hierarchy
       /var       Variable data

The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, must be in /, if the corresponding subsystem is installed:

如果安装了相应的子系统，下面的目录，或者目录的符号链接必须在 / 中。

     /    −−           the root directory
     /home         User home directories (optional)
     /lib<qual>       Alternate format essential shared libraries
                      (optional)
     /root         Home directory for the root user (optional)

Each directory listed above is described in detail in separate subsections further on in this document.

上面列出的每一个目录将会在本文档中以独立的子章节进行详细描述。

The reference system will be based upon Debian 3.0r0 (Woody), 2.4.18 kernel configured to a Redhat kernel−2.4.18−i686.config file.

参考系统基于Debian 3.0r0(Woody)，2.4.18版本kernal，配置了一个 kernel-2.4.18-i686.config文件。

Hardware

◊ Intel Celeron 766 Processor

◊ MSI MS−6309 V.2.0 Mainboard 

◊ 512MB PQI PC133 SDRAM 

◊ 16x Lite−On LTD−165H DVD−ROM 

◊ 40x24x10 Sony CRX175A1 CD−RW 

◊ NVIDIA RIVA 32MB TNT2 M64 

◊ D−Link DFE−530TX 10/100 NIC 

◊ Realtek RTL8029(AS) 10 NIC 

◊ Lucent Mars2 Linmodem 

◊ C−Media CMI8738 PCI Audio Device 

◊ Miro DC−30 VIVO 

◊ Aopen KF−45A Miditower Case 

◊ Acer Accufeel Keyboard 

◊ Genius Netscroll+ Mouse 

◊ Compaq MV500 Presario Monitor 

Software

◊ Windows XP on /dev/hda1  
◊ FreeBSD 4.2 on /dev/hda2
◊ Redhat 8.0 on /dev/hda5
◊ Debian 3.0r0 on /dev/hda6
◊ Mandrake 9.1 on /dev/hda7
◊ Swap partition on /dev/hda8 

As we all know Linux file system starts with /, the root directory. All other directories are 'children' of this directory. The partition which the root file system resides on is mounted first during boot and the system will not boot if it doesn't find it. On our reference system, the root directory contains the following sub−directories:

正如我们所有人知道的那样，Linux 文件系统从 / 开始，也就是 root 目录。所有其他的目录是该目录的'孩子'。root文件系统所在的分区先在boot期间挂接，如果系统没有找到root文件系统，系统则不会启动。

bin/ dev/ home/ lost+found/ proc/ sbin/ usr/ cdrom/ opt/ vmlinuz boot/ etc/ lib/ mnt/ root/ tmp/ var/ dvd/ floppy/ initrd/ /tftpboot 

In days past it was also the home directory of 'root' but now he has been given his own directory for reasons that will be explained further on in this document.

在过去的日子里，home目录也是'root'的，但是现在，home有了它自己的目录，至于原因，会在本文档中有进一步的解释。