安装Postgresql
Postgresql安装
刘祎洋
2012.4.18
官网下载Postgresql源程序
解压缩，编译
$ cd /usr/local/src/tarbag
$ tar xvfz postgresql-8.4.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
$ cd /usr/local/src/postgresql-8.4.1
$ ./configure
$gmake
$gmake install
$adduser portal（创建一个portal用户）
$mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
$chown portal /usr/local/pgsql/data
$su portal
#/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data (初始化数据库，在data目录下生成所需文件)
#/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
加入环境变量到.bash_profile
$ cd /usr/local/pgsql
$ vi .bash_profile
在文件最后追加
export PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/ pgsql /bin
export POSTGRES_HOME=/usr/local/ pgsql
export PGLIB=$POSTGRES_HOME/lib
export PGDATA=$POSTGRES_HOME/data
export MANPATH="$MANPATH":$POSTGRES_HOME/man
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH":"$PGLIB"
重新读入，让设置成功
$ source ~/.bash_profile
配置监听器postgresql.conf
$ mkdir /usr/local/postgres/data
将Data目录的权限设为0700。
$ chmod 0700 /usr/local/postgres/data
$ chown portal /usr/local/postgres/data
# su - portal
# initdb -D /usr/local/postgres/data
# cd /usr/local/postgres/data
# touch /usr/local/postgres/data/postgresql.conf
修改内容
listen_addresses = 'localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.50.50'
port = 5432
password_encryption = on
配置 pg_hba.conf，加入访问数据库的ip
#vi pg_hba.conf
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
host all all all trust
加入开机启动脚本和服务
$ su root
# tar xvfz postgresql-8.3.7.tar.gz
# cd postgresql-8.3.7
# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql
# chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql
#/sbin/chkconfig --add postgresql
#chkconfig postgresql on
#service postgresql [start|stop] //可以使用这条命令了
创建数据库和用户
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb ent-portal-db
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql ent-portal-db
sql > # CREATE USER scc WITH password 'scc';
CREATE ROLE
安装客户端软件
推荐官网下载Pg-admin III，需要注册，可以免费试用60天。
常见问题
问题1：could not bind IPv4 socket
WARNING: could not create listen socket for "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX"
LOG: could not bind IPv4 socket: Cannot assign requested address
HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 5432? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
解答
# ls –a /tmp
删除所有postgre的.s.*临时文件，重启服务
2 database Access denied
解答：配置 pg_hba.conf，加入访问数据库的ip
#vi pg_hba.conf
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
host all all all trust
3. 如何修改 PostgreSQL root密码?
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql postgres postgres
Password: (oldpassword)
# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'tmppassword';
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql postgres postgres
Password: (tmppassword)
4. 如何创建 PostgreSQL 用户?
There are two methods in which you can create user.
Method 1: Creating the user in the PSQL prompt, with CREATE USER command.
# CREATE USER ramesh WITH password 'tmppassword';
CREATE ROLE
Method 2: Creating the user in the shell prompt, with createuser command.
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createuser sathiya
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) n
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n
CREATE ROLE