android Fragments详解七:fragement示例

下例中实验了上面所讲的所有内容。此例有一个activity，其含有两个fragment。一个显示莎士比亚剧的播放曲目，另一个显示选中曲目的摘要。此例还演示了如何跟据屏幕大小配置fragment。

主activity创建layout。

@Override
protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

   setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout);
}

@Override protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout); }
主 activity的 layoutxml文档

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" />

</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:orientation="horizontal"     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">     <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"             android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1"             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" />     <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1"             android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent"             android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" /> </LinearLayout>
系统在 activity加载此 layout时初始化 TitlesFragment（用于显示标题列表）， TitlesFragment的右边是一个 FrameLayout，用于存放显示摘要的 fragment，但是现在它还是空的， fragment只有当用户选择了一项标题后，摘要 fragment才会被放到 FrameLayout中。

然而，并不是所有的屏幕都有足够的宽度来容纳标题列表和摘要。所以，上述layout只用于横屏，现把它存放于ret/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml。

之外，当用于竖屏时，系统使用下面的layout，它存放于ret/layout/fragment_layout.xml：

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"
            android:id="@+id/titles"
            android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</FrameLayout>

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">     <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment"             android:id="@+id/titles"             android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </FrameLayout>

这个layout只包含TitlesFragment。这表示当使用竖屏时，只显示标题列表。当用户选中一项时，程序会启动一个新的activity去显示摘要，而不是加载第二个fragment。

下一步，你会看到Fragment类的实现。第一个是TitlesFragment，它从ListFragment派生，大部分列表的功能由ListFragment提供。

当用户选择一个Title时，代码需要做出两种行为，一种是在同一个activity中显示创建并显示摘要fragment，另一种是启动一个新的activity。

public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {
    boolean mDualPane;
    int mCurCheckPosition = 0;

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

        // Populate list with our static array of titles.
        setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));

        // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details
        // fragment directly in the containing UI.
        View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);
        mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;

        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            // Restore last state for checked position.
            mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);
        }

        if (mDualPane) {
            // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.
            getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
            // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.
            showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);
    }

    @Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        showDetails(position);
    }

    /**
     * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by
     * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a
     * whole new activity in which it is displayed.
     */
    void showDetails(int index) {
        mCurCheckPosition = index;

        if (mDualPane) {
            // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update
            // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.
            getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);

            // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.
            DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)
                    getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);
            if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {
                // Make new fragment to show this selection.
                details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);

                // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment
                // with this one inside the frame.
                FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
                ft.replace(R.id.details, details);
                ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
                ft.commit();
            }

        } else {
            // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display
            // the dialog fragment with selected text.
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);
            intent.putExtra("index", index);
            startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment {     boolean mDualPane;     int mCurCheckPosition = 0;     @Override     public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);         // Populate list with our static array of titles.         setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),                 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES));         // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details         // fragment directly in the containing UI.         View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details);         mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;         if (savedInstanceState != null) {             // Restore last state for checked position.             mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0);         }         if (mDualPane) {             // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item.             getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);             // Make sure our UI is in the correct state.             showDetails(mCurCheckPosition);         }     }     @Override     public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {         super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);         outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition);     }     @Override     public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {         showDetails(position);     }     /**      * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by      * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a      * whole new activity in which it is displayed.      */     void showDetails(int index) {         mCurCheckPosition = index;         if (mDualPane) {             // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update             // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data.             getListView().setItemChecked(index, true);             // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed.             DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment)                     getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details);             if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) {                 // Make new fragment to show this selection.                 details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index);                 // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment                 // with this one inside the frame.                 FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();                 ft.replace(R.id.details, details);                 ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);                 ft.commit();             }         } else {             // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display             // the dialog fragment with selected text.             Intent intent = new Intent();             intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class);             intent.putExtra("index", index);             startActivity(intent);         }     }
第二个 fragment， DetailsFragment显示被选择的 Title的摘要：

public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {
    /**
     * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to
     * show the text at 'index'.
     */
    public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {
        DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();

        // Supply index input as an argument.
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt("index", index);
        f.setArguments(args);

        return f;
    }

    public int getShownIndex() {
        return getArguments().getInt("index", 0);
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        if (container == null) {
            // We have different layouts, and in one of them this
            // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment
            // may still be created from its saved state, but there is
            // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it
            // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could
            // just run the code below, where we would create and return
            // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.
            return null;
        }

        ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());
        TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());
        int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,
                4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
        text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
        scroller.addView(text);
        text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);
        return scroller;
    }
}

public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment {     /**      * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to      * show the text at 'index'.      */     public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) {         DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment();         // Supply index input as an argument.         Bundle args = new Bundle();         args.putInt("index", index);         f.setArguments(args);         return f;     }     public int getShownIndex() {         return getArguments().getInt("index", 0);     }     @Override     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,             Bundle savedInstanceState) {         if (container == null) {             // We have different layouts, and in one of them this             // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist.  The fragment             // may still be created from its saved state, but there is             // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it             // won't be displayed.  Note this is not needed -- we could             // just run the code below, where we would create and return             // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used.             return null;         }         ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity());         TextView text = new TextView(getActivity());         int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP,                 4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());         text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);         scroller.addView(text);         text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]);         return scroller;     } }
如果当前的 layout没有 R.id.detailsView（它被用于 DetailsFragment的容器），那么程序就启动 DetailsActivity来显示摘要。

下面是DetailsActivity，它只是简单地嵌入DetailsFragment来显示摘要。

public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation
                == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
            // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the
            // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.
            finish();
            return;
        }

        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.
            DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();
            details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
            getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();
        }
    }
}

public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity {     @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation                 == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {             // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the             // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity.             finish();             return;         }         if (savedInstanceState == null) {             // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment.             DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment();             details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());             getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit();         }     } }
注意这个 activity在检测到是竖屏时会结束自己，于是主 activity会接管它并显示出 TitlesFragment和 DetailsFragment。这可以在用户在竖屏时显示在 TitleFragment，但用户旋转了屏幕，使显示变成了横屏。