Mybatis深入之事务管理

Mybatis之事务管理

简介

Mybatis的事务管理分为两种JdbcTransaction,ManagedTransaction。其中JdbcTransaction仅仅是对数据库连接Connection的一个包装、内部管理数据库事务还是调用Connection的提交、回滚等事务操作方法。ManagedTransaction更直接、什么也没有做。直接将事务交给外部容器管理。

Mybatis事务管理相关类结构图

类概览:
Mybatis深入之事务管理_第1张图片

类UML图(典型的简单工厂模式来创建Transaction):
Mybatis深入之事务管理_第2张图片

  • Transaction 封装事务管理方法的接口
  • TransactionFactory 抽象事务工厂生产方法
  • JdbcTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产JdbcTransaction的工厂类
  • ManagedTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产ManagedTransaction的工厂类
  • JdbcTransaction实现Transaction、只是对事务进行了一层包装、实际调用数据库连接Connection的事务管理方法
  • ManagedTransaction 实现Transaction没有对数据库连接做任何事务处理、交由外部容器管理

源码事务

事务配置

Mybatis中关于事务的配置是通过<transaction type="xx"/>来指定的。配置如下:

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
  • type为”JDBC”时、使用JdbcTransaction管理事务。
  • type为”managed”时、使用ManagedTransaction管理事务(也就是交由外部容器管理)

    Mybatis深入之初始化过程 中知道配置文件如何解析的、其中关于事务方面的解析:

  private void environmentsElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
          //只关注事务部分...
          TransactionFactory txFactory = transactionManagerElement(child.evalNode("transactionManager"));
          ...
  }
  private TransactionFactory transactionManagerElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
    if (context != null) {
      String type = context.getStringAttribute("type");
      Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
      TransactionFactory factory = (TransactionFactory) resolveClass(type).newInstance();
      factory.setProperties(props);
      return factory;
    }
    throw new BuilderException("Environment declaration requires a TransactionFactory.");
  }
    typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("JDBC", JdbcTransactionFactory.class);
    typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("MANAGED", ManagedTransactionFactory.class);
  • 重点在于根据type类型判断实例化何种TransactionFactory
  • 前面已经知道Mybatis两种事务配置的方式、这里使用的jdbc类型的事务
  • 上一篇分析DataSource实例化过程中有一段是关于根据DataSource的type来获取何种Factory的、这里原理同样
  • 通过TypeAliasRegistry根据type=’JDBC’来获取TransactionFactory实现类JdbcTransactionFactory

关键在于JdbcTransactionFactory通过newInstance()使用无参构造函数时做了什么工作

public class JdbcTransactionFactory implements TransactionFactory {

  public void setProperties(Properties props) {
  }

  public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
    return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
  }

  public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
    return new JdbcTransaction(ds, level, autoCommit);
  }
}
  • JdbcTransactionFactory默认无参构造方法被调用
  • setProperties没有做任何实质性处理
  • 对比ManagedTransactionFactory不再贴代码

下面就是获取具有事务特性的数据库连接了
JdbcTransaction:

  public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
    return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
  }

ManagedTransaction:

  public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
    return new ManagedTransaction(conn, closeConnection);
  }
  • 两者都是通过Connection来创建具体的实例

JdbcTransaction:

public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);

  protected Connection connection;
  protected DataSource dataSource;
  protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
  protected boolean autoCommmit;

  public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    dataSource = ds;
    level = desiredLevel;
    autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
  }

  public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
    this.connection = connection;
  }

  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return connection;
  }

  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.commit();
    }
  }

  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.rollback();
    }
  }

  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (connection != null) {
      resetAutoCommit();
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
      }
      connection.close();
    }
  }

  protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
    try {
      if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      // Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
      // and there's not much we can do about that.
      throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit. "
          + "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
          + "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ". Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

  protected void resetAutoCommit() {
    try {
      if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
        // MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
        // Some databases start transactions with select statements
        // and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
        // A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
        // Sybase throws an exception here.
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
        }
        connection.setAutoCommit(true);
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
          + "before closing the connection. Cause: " + e);
    }
  }

  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
    connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    if (level != null) {
      connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
    }
    setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
  }

}
  • 从源码中可知、JdbcTransaction如何管理事务的、如前面所说调用DataSource事务操作方法。
  • 并且对select不进行事务控制
  • 当使用DataSource创建数据库连接时、数据库的事务隔离级别使用DataSource默认的事务隔离级别
  • 如需指定事务的隔离级别、必须手动创建JdbcTransaction(调用另一个构造函数)
  • 关于事务隔离级别会在补充中有

ManagedTransaction:

public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {

  private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);

  private DataSource dataSource;
  private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
  private Connection connection;
  private boolean closeConnection;

  public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }

  public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {
    this.dataSource = ds;
    this.level = level;
    this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
  }

  public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (this.connection == null) {
      openConnection();
    }
    return this.connection;
  }

  public void commit() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }

  public void rollback() throws SQLException {
    // Does nothing
  }

  public void close() throws SQLException {
    if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
      }
      this.connection.close();
    }
  }

  protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
    }
    this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
    if (this.level != null) {
      this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
    }
  }

}
  • 重点看一下commit() rollback()方法,没有方法体。验证前面其关于事务的管理方式

到这里事务暂时告一段落、一般在使用时会与spring结合、将数据库连接、事务管理都交由spring管理。

补充

数据库隔离级别:

先对不同隔离级别涉及到的名词解释:
•   脏读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了已经被 T2 更新但还没有被提交的字段. 之后, 若 T2 回滚, T1读取的内容就是临时且无效的.  
•   不可重复读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 更新了该字段. 之后, T1再次读取同一个字段, 值就不同了.  
•   幻读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 从一个表中读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 在该表中插入了一些新的行. 之后, 如果 T1 再次读取同一个表, 就会多出几

具体的隔离级别定义:


READ UNCOMMITTED(读未提交数据)    允许事务读取未被其他事务提交的变更,脏读、不可重复读和幻读的问题都会出现  

READ COMMITED(读已提交数据)   只允许事务读取已经被其他事务提交的变更,可以避免脏读,但不可重复读和幻读问题仍然会出现  

REPEATABLE READ(可重复读)   确保事务可以多次从一个字段中读取相同的值,在这个事务持续期间,禁止其他事务对这个字段进行更新,可以避免脏读和不可重复读,但幻读的问题依然存在  

SERIALIZABLE(串行化)   确保事务可以从一个表中读取相同的行,在这个事务持续期间,禁止其他事务对该表执行插入、更新和删除操作,所有并发问题都可以避免,但性能十分低  

Oracle 支持的 2 种事务隔离级别:READ COMMITED, SERIALIZABLE. Oracle 默认的事务隔离级别为: READ COMMITED   
Mysql 支持 4 中事务隔离级别. Mysql 默认的事务隔离级别为: REPEATABLE READ  

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