获取Windwos的版本和名称

Windows API 中有两个函数可以得到系统版本信息GetVersionGetVersionEx

      GetVersion这个函数曾经困扰了很多程序员,其本来设计的是在DWORD返回值中用低位的那个字表示MS-DOS的版本号,高位的那个字表示Windows版本号。对于每个字来说,高位字节代表主要版本号,低位字节代表次要版本号。可是因为编写此函数的程序员犯了一个错误,使得此函数返回的Windows版本号颠倒了(即把主要版本号放到了低位字节,而次要版本号放到了高位字节)。当发现此错误的时候已经有很多程序员在使用这个函数了,Microsoft只好将错就错,直接把原来的API文档给改了过来。

      为了解决GetVersion带来的问题,Microsoft后来开发了一个新的函数GetVersionEx,用它能够得到更详细的Windows系统的版本信息,下面我就写写GetVersionEx的使用方法。

函数原型:

BOOL GetVersionEx(POSVERSIONINFO pVersionInformation);

我们先来看看OSVERSIONINFOEX这个结构:

typedef struct {

DWORD dwOSVersionInfoSize;       //在使用GetVersionEx之前要将此初始化为结构的大小

DWORD dwMajorVersion;               //系统主版本号

DWORD dwMinorVersion;               //系统次版本号

DWORD dwBuildNumber;               //系统构建号

DWORD dwPlatformId;                  //系统支持的平台(详见附1)

TCHAR szCSDVersion[128];          //系统补丁包的名称

WORD wServicePackMajor;            //系统补丁包的主版本

WORD wServicePackMinor;            //系统补丁包的次版本

WORD wSuiteMask;                      //标识系统上的程序组(详见附2)

BYTE wProductType;                    //标识系统类型(详见附3)

BYTE wReserved;                         //保留,未使用

} OSVERSIONINFOEX, *POSVERSIONINFOEX;

这个结构在Windows 2000后出现,老版本的OSVERSIONINFO结构没有wServicePackMajor、wServicePackMinor、wSuiteMask、wProductType和wReserved这几个成员。

接着在调用函数之前先初始化结构的大小:

OSVERSIONINFOEX os;

os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(os);

函数返回值为TRUE表示成功:

if(!GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os))

{

      return FALSE;

}

函数调用成功以后就可以通过OSVERSIONINFOEX来查看系统的版本信息了。

下面是一个通过系统版本来判断操作系统名称的例子:

CString getSystemName()

{

    SYSTEM_INFO info;                                   //用SYSTEM_INFO结构判断64位AMD处理器
    GetSystemInfo(&info);                               //调用GetSystemInfo函数填充结构
    OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
    os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);  /*在调用函数前必须用sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXA)填充dwOSVersionInfoSize结构成员*/
    if(GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os))                  /*调用GetVersionEx函数OSVERSIONINFOEX结构必须将指针类型强制转换*/
    {
        CString vname;

        //下面根据版本信息判断操作系统名称

        switch(os.dwMajorVersion){                        //判断主版本号
            case 4:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){                //判断次版本号
                    case 0:
                        if(os.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows NT 4.0");                //1996年7月发布
                        else if(os.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 95");
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 98");
                        break;
                    case 90:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Me");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){               //再比较dwMinorVersion的值
                    case 0:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 2000");                    //1999年12月发布
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows XP");                    //2001年8月发布
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /

                           info.wProcessorArchitecture==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64)

                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2003");        //2003年3月发布
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)!=0)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 6:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION)/*

                        VER_NT_WORKSTATION是桌面系统 */
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Vista");
                        else
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2008");          //服务器版本
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 7");
                        else
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                vname=_T("未知操作系统");
        }
        return vname;
    }
    else
        return _T("");

}

以上只能判断操作系统的名称,那如何判断它是什么版本的呢(如Home版或Professional版)。

下面这个函数就返回具体的版本名称

CString getVersionMark()

{

    OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
    os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);
    if(GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os)){
        CString vmark;

        switch(os.dwMajorVersion){                //先判断操作系统版本
            case 5:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:                  //Windows 2000
                        if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Advanced Server");
                        break;
                    case 1:                  //Windows XP
                        if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_EMBEDDEDNT)
                            vmark=_T("Embedded");
                        else if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_PERSONAL)
                            vmark=_T("Home Edition");
                        else
                            vmark=_T("Professional");
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_BLADE)  //Windows Server 2003
                            vmark=_T("Web Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER)
                            vmark=_T("Compute Cluster Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER)
                            vmark=_T("Storage Server");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)
                            vmark=_T("Datacenter Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Enterprise Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)!=0 &&  /

                           os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER)  /*

                           Windows Server 2003 R2*/

                            vmark=_T("Storage Server");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 6:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:
                        if(os.wProductType!=VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)  /*

                        Windows Server 2008*/
                            vmark=_T("Datacenter Server");
                        else if(os.wProductType!=VER_NT_WORKSTATION &&  /

                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Enterprise");
                        else if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /

                           os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_PERSONAL)  //Windows Vista

                            vmark=_T("Home");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                vmark=_T("");
        }
        return vmark;
    }
    else
        return _T("");

}

另外,操作系统的补丁包名称也可以从szCSDVersion直接获取。

程序编译出来后大家可以用不同版本的兼容模式运行这个程序,来检测结果是不是正确,兼容模式会欺骗GetVersionEx这些API函数,拿Windows 98 兼容模式来说,程序会以为自己是在Windows 98 上运行。

有什么问题请给我留言,如果在本页面下发没有看到有留言请刷新一下页面。

附1:dwPlatformId的值:

VER_PLATFORM_WIN32s (Win32s),

VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS (Windows 95/Windows 98),

VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT (Windows NT/Windows 2000),

VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_CEHH (Windows CE).

附2:wSuiteMask的值:

VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS,

VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE,

VER_SUITE_BACKOFFICE,

VER_SUITE_COMMUNICATIONS,

VER_SUITE_TERMINAL,

VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS_RESTRICTED,

VER_SUITE_EMBEDDEDNT,

VER_SUITE_DATACENTER.

附3:wProductType的值:

VER_NT_WORKSTATION,

VER_NT_SERVER,

VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER.

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