利用mysql的inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数存储IP地址

mysql> create table jackbillow (ip int unsigned, name char(1));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('192.168.1.200'), 'A'), (inet_aton('200.100.30.241'), 'B');                         
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('24.89.35.27'), 'C'), (inet_aton('100.200.30.22'), 'D');                            
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from jackbillow;
+------------+------+
| ip         | name |
+------------+------+
| 3232235976 | A    |
| 3362004721 | B    |
|  408494875 | C    |
| 1690836502 | D    |
+------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip = inet_aton('192.168.1.200');
+------------+------+
| ip         | name |
+------------+------+
| 3232235976 | A    |
+------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow;
+----------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip)  |
+----------------+
| 192.168.1.200  |
| 200.100.30.241 |
| 24.89.35.27    |
| 100.200.30.22  |
+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 当前很多应用都适用字符串char(15)来存储IP地址（占用16个字节），利用inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数，来存储IP地址效率很高，适用unsigned int 就可以满足需求，不需要使用bigint，只需要4个字节，节省存储空间，同时效率也高很多。

如果IP列有索引，可以使用下面方式查询：

mysql> select inet_aton('100.200.30.22');                            
+----------------------------+
| inet_aton('100.200.30.22') |
+----------------------------+
|                 1690836502 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip=1690836502;
+------------+------+
| ip         | name |
+------------+------+
| 1690836502 | D    |
+------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip),name from jackbillow where ip=1690836502;  
+---------------+------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) | name |
+---------------+------+
| 100.200.30.22 | D    |
+---------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

对于LIKE操作，可以使用下面方式：

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow; 
+----------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip)  |
+----------------+
| 192.168.1.200  |
| 200.100.30.241 |
| 24.89.35.27    |
| 100.200.30.22  |
| 192.168.1.100  |
| 192.168.1.20   |
| 192.168.2.20   |
+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.0');
+--------------------------+
| inet_aton('192.168.1.0') |
+--------------------------+
|               3232235776 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.255');                
+----------------------------+
| inet_aton('192.168.1.255') |
+----------------------------+
|                 3232236031 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between 3232235776 and 3232236031;                          
+---------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+---------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 192.168.1.100 |
| 192.168.1.20  |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between inet_aton('192.168.1.0') and inet_aton('192.168.1.255'); 
+---------------+
| inet_ntoa(ip) |
+---------------+
| 192.168.1.200 |
| 192.168.1.100 |
| 192.168.1.20  |
+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 整型字段的比较比字符串效率高很多，这也符合一项优化原则：字段类型定义使用最合适（最小），最简单的数据类型。

 inet_aton()算法，其实借用了国际上对各国IP地址的区分中使用的ip number。

a.b.c.d 的ip number是：

a * 256的3次方  +  b * 256的2次方 +  c * 256的1次方 + d * 256的0次方。