将MySQL数据映射到Memcached中

将MySQL数据映射到Memcached中 

差不多在一年前，写过一篇文章介绍将MySQL数据映射到Memcached，当时MySQL和Memcached Functions for MySQL都还不够成熟，时过一年，Memcached Functions for MySQL升级到了0.8版本，而MySQL也发布了GA版本，加上很多朋友反应前一篇文章中的实现他们因种种原因没能成功，于是便有了这篇文章，就当是 上一篇文章的升级版本吧。

测试环境在Linux下进行，版本系统为CentOS5.
以下为相关软件，包括其版本和下载地址：

mysql-5.1.30 下载
memcached-1.2.6 下载
libevent-1.4.7-stable 下载
memcached_functions_mysql-0.8 下载
libmemcached-0.26 下载

编译安装MySQL,安装因个人细好而定，省略许多与测试无关的编译细节及参数。

[root@localhost ~]#tar xzf mysql-5.1.30.tar_001.gz
[root@localhost ~]#cd mysql-5.1.30
[root@localhost ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql51
[root@localhost ~]#make
[root@localhost ~]#make install
[root@localhost ~]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --skip-name-resolve
[root@localhost ~]#/usr/local/mysql51/bin/mysqld_safe

[root@localhost ~]#tar xzf mysql-5.1.30.tar_001.gz [root@localhost ~]#cd mysql-5.1.30 [root@localhost ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql51 [root@localhost ~]#make [root@localhost ~]#make install [root@localhost ~]#./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --skip-name-resolve [root@localhost ~]#/usr/local/mysql51/bin/mysqld_safe

省略列出安装memcached和libevent的相关命令，具体可按照实际情况安装，测试时我将libevent默认安装，memcached安装于/usr/local/memcached目录下。
启动memcached.

/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 50 -u root -p 11211

/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 50 -u root -p 11211

编译安装libmemcache.

[root@localhost ~]#tar xzf libmemcached-0.26.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]#cd libmemcached-0.26
[root@localhost ~]#./configure --with-memcached=/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install

[root@localhost ~]#tar xzf libmemcached-0.26.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]#cd libmemcached-0.26 [root@localhost ~]#./configure --with-memcached=/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached [root@localhost ~]# make && make install

编译安装Memcache UDFs for MySQL.

[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf memcached_functions_mysql-0.8.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd memcached_functions_mysql-0.8
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql51/bin/mysql_config
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install

[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf memcached_functions_mysql-0.8.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd memcached_functions_mysql-0.8 [root@localhost ~]# ./configure --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql51/bin/mysql_config [root@localhost ~]# make && make install

编译完成后将编译好的库文件复制到mysql的插件目录下，以便于加载使用。

cp /usr/local/lib/libmemcached_functions_mysql* /usr/local/mysql51/lib/mysql/plugin/

cp /usr/local/lib/libmemcached_functions_mysql* /usr/local/mysql51/lib/mysql/plugin/

进入memcached_functions_mysql的源码目录，在目录下有相关添加UDF的SQL文件用于初始化。

[root@localhost ~]# mysql <sql/install_functions.sql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql <sql/install_functions.sql

注：如果对这些UDFs不熟悉或者不懂，可进行源码目录参看README，里边有相应的说明。

至此，相关软件的编译和安装完成，进行测试，我们要达到的目的是当MySQL有新记录插入时，同时插入到Memcached中，当记录更新时同步更 新Memcached中的记录，删除时同时也删除Memcached相关的记录，为此创建三个触发器来实现，如果对MySQL的触发程序不熟悉可以参考 MySQL手册第21章，下面SQL中的memcached为需要操作的表名，SQL如下：

#插入数据时插入Memcached
create trigger mysqlmmci after insert on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value);
#更新记录时更新Memcached
create trigger mysqlmmcu after update on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value);
#删除记录时删除Memcached相应的记录
create trigger mysqlmmcd before delete on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_delete(OLD.key);
以下为测试记录，在对MySQL操作的同时操作Memcached来查看情况，当然你也可以在启动Memcached的时候带-vv参数来查看相关信息.

#插入数据时插入Memcached create trigger mysqlmmci after insert on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value); #更新记录时更新Memcached create trigger mysqlmmcu after update on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value); #删除记录时删除Memcached相应的记录 create trigger mysqlmmcd before delete on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_delete(OLD.key); 以下为测试记录，在对MySQL操作的同时操作Memcached来查看情况，当然你也可以在启动Memcached的时候带-vv参数来查看相关信息.

MySQL操作相关的记录：

[root@localhost ~]#mysql -S /tmp/mysql51.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is  6
Server version: 5.1.30 Source distribution

Type 'help;'  or  '/h'   for  help. Type  '/c'  to clear the buffer.

mysql> use test;
Database changed

mysql> create table `memcached` (`key` varchar(10), `value` varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create trigger mysqlmmci after insert on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create trigger mysqlmmcu after update on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create trigger mysqlmmcd before delete on memcached for  each row  set  @tmp = memc_delete(OLD.key);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into memcached values("keyi" ,  "valuei" ),( "keyu" , "valueu" ),( "keyd" ,  "valued" );
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> update memcached set  `value`= "update"  where `key`= "keyu" ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> delete from memcached where `key`="keyd" ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

[root@localhost ~]#mysql -S /tmp/mysql51.sock Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.1.30 Source distribution Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> create table `memcached` (`key` varchar(10), `value` varchar(100)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create trigger mysqlmmci after insert on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create trigger mysqlmmcu after update on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_set(NEW.key, NEW.value); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create trigger mysqlmmcd before delete on memcached for each row set @tmp = memc_delete(OLD.key); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into memcached values("keyi", "valuei"),("keyu","valueu"),("keyd", "valued"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> update memcached set `value`="update" where `key`="keyu"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> delete from memcached where `key`="keyd"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye

Memcache查看时的记录：

[root@localhost ~]#telnet 127.0.0.1 11211
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is   '^]' .
get  keyi
VALUE keyi 0 6
valuei
END
get  keyu
VALUE keyu 0 6
valueu
END
get  keyd
VALUE keyd 0 6
valued
END
get  keyu
VALUE keyu 0 6
update
END
get  keyd
END
quit
Connection closed by foreign host.

[root@localhost ~]#telnet 127.0.0.1 11211 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. get keyi VALUE keyi 0 6 valuei END get keyu VALUE keyu 0 6 valueu END get keyd VALUE keyd 0 6 valued END get keyu VALUE keyu 0 6 update END get keyd END quit Connection closed by foreign host.

至此，我们基本实现的将MySQL的数据同步到Memcached中，性能暂时还没有测试，当然上面只是简单的实现的数据映射的功能，如果在实现的 生产环境中，则需要考虑名字空间，高可靠性的问题，这些都是可以通过数据库名-表名-关键字的方面能达到KEY唯一的目的，而高可靠性则是一个比较大的问 题。