linux 安全加固

---1.使用Shell历史命令记录功能

#/etc/bashrc


HISTFILESIZE=4000   
HISTSIZE=4000   
HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T' 
export HISTTIMEFORMAT 


source /etc/bashrc




---2.删减系统登录欢迎信息


---2.1删除记录了操作系统的名称和版本号

# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config  #添加如下记录


Banner /etc/issue.net  



---2.2 删除全部内容或更新成自己想要添加的内容 


# vi /etc/motd


---3.system timeout 5 minite auto logout

echo "TMOUT=300" >>/etc/profile

source /etc/profile



----4.加固


# chmod危险文件

chmod 700 /bin/ping
chmod 700 /usr/bin/finger
chmod 700 /usr/bin/who
chmod 700 /usr/bin/w
chmod 700 /usr/bin/locate
chmod 700 /usr/bin/whereis
chmod 700 /sbin/ifconfig
chmod 700 /usr/bin/pico
chmod 700 /bin/vi
chmod 700 /usr/bin/which
chmod 700 /usr/bin/gcc
chmod 700 /usr/bin/make
chmod 700 /bin/rpm

# history安全

chattr +a /root/.bash_history
chattr +i /root/.bash_history



# chattr /etc/passwd /etc/shadow
chattr +i /etc/passwd
chattr +i /etc/shadow
chattr +i /etc/group
chattr +i /etc/gshadow


# add syncookie enable /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf


sysctl -p


#修改配置文件

vi /etc/login.defs
PASS_MAX_DAYS 90 #新建用户的密码最长使用天数 
PASS_MIN_DAYS 0 #新建用户的密码最短使用天数 
PASS_WARN_AGE 7 #新建用户的密码到期提前提醒天数 
PASS_MIN_LEN 9 #最小密码长度9


---5.限制哪些账户能切换到root

1) #vi /etc/pam.d/su

auth required /lib/security/pam_wheel.so group=dba


#usermod -Gdba test  将test用户加入到dba组




---6.系统内核安全

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
#Prevent SYN attack
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
# Disables packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
# Disables IP source routing
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Enable IP spoofing protection, turn on source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1
# Disables IP source routing
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Enable IP spoofing protection, turn on source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
14
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
# Disables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Modify system limits for Ensim WEBppliance
fs.file-max = 65000
# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15
# Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
# Turn off the tcp_window_scaling
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 0
# Turn off the tcp_sack
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
# Turn off the tcp_timestamps
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
# Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Enable ignoring broadcasts request
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# Enable bad error message Protection
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
# Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
# Set maximum amount of memory allocated to shm to 256MB
kernel.shmmax = 268435456
# Improve file system performance
vm.bdflush = 100 1200 128 512 15 5000 500 1884 2
# Improve virtual memory performance
vm.buffermem = 90 10 60
# Increases the size of the socket queue (effectively, q0).
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
# Increase the maximum total TCP buffer-space allocatable
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 57344 57344 65536
# Increase the maximum TCP write-buffer-space allocatable
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 32768 65536 524288
15
# Increase the maximum TCP read-buffer space allocatable
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 98304 196608 1572864
# Increase the maximum and default receive socket buffer size
net.core.rmem_max = 524280
net.core.rmem_default = 524280
# Increase the maximum and default send socket buffer size
net.core.wmem_max = 524280
net.core.wmem_default = 524280
# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1440000
# Allowed local port range
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 16384 65536
# Increase the maximum memory used to reassemble IP fragments
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 512000
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh = 446464
# Increase the maximum amount of option memory buffers
net.core.optmem_max = 57344
# Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached
net.core.hot_list_length = 1024
## DO NOT REMOVE THE FOLLOWING LINE!
## nsobuild:20051206 




sysctl -p