Viewport3D 类Viewport3D 类Viewport3D 类

.NET Framework 类库

Viewport3D 类

更新：2007 年 11 月

为三维可视内容提供呈现图面。

命名空间：  System.Windows.Controls
程序集：  PresentationFramework（在 PresentationFramework.dll 中）
用于 XAML 的 XMLNS：http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/xaml/presentation

 语法

Visual Basic（声明）

<LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize)> _
<ContentPropertyAttribute("Children")> _
Public Class Viewport3D _
    Inherits FrameworkElement _
    Implements IAddChild

Visual Basic (用法)

Dim instance As Viewport3D

C#

[LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize)]
[ContentPropertyAttribute("Children")]
public class Viewport3D : FrameworkElement, IAddChild

Visual C++

[LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory::NeverLocalize)]
[ContentPropertyAttribute(L"Children")]
public ref class Viewport3D : public FrameworkElement, 
    IAddChild

J#

/** @attribute LocalizabilityAttribute(LocalizationCategory.NeverLocalize) */
/** @attribute ContentPropertyAttribute("Children") */
public class Viewport3D extends FrameworkElement implements IAddChild

JScript

public class Viewport3D extends FrameworkElement implements IAddChild

XAML 对象元素用法

<Viewport3D>
  Children
</Viewport3D>

 备注

此控件显示三维内容，同时提供与二维布局（如剪辑、高度和宽度及鼠标事件）一致的属性。

当此控件作为布局元素（如 Canvas）的内容包含时，可通过设置其 Height 和 Width 属性（继承自 FrameworkElement）来指定 Viewport3D 的大小。

Viewport3D 可提供三维场景级别的命中测试。 调用 HitTest 方法可返回有关命中可视对象、模型、网格和交点的详细命中结果信息。

在 Microsoft Windows XP 上，如果显示颜色质量没有设置为 32 位或 16 位，则 Viewport3D 可能无法正常呈现。

 示例

本示例演示如何创建类似于已旋转的平板纸的三维对象。利用 Viewport3D 以及下面的组件创建这一简单的三维场景：

• 使用 PerspectiveCamera 创建一个照相机。该照相机指定三维场景的哪个部分是可见的。

• 创建一个网格，以使用 GeometryModel3D 的 Geometry 属性指定三维对象（平板纸）的形状。

• 使用 GeometryModel3D 的 Material 属性指定要在对象表面显示的材料（本示例中是线性渐变）。

• 使用 DirectionalLight 创建在对象上发光的光源。

下面的代码演示如何以 XAML 创建三维场景。

XAML

复制代码

<Page xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" >
  <DockPanel>
    <Viewbox>
      <Canvas Width="321" Height="201">

        <!-- The Viewport3D provides a rendering surface for 3-D visual content. -->
        <Viewport3D ClipToBounds="True" Width="150" Height="150" Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="10">

          <!-- Defines the camera used to view the 3D object. -->
          <Viewport3D.Camera>
            <PerspectiveCamera Position="0,0,2" LookDirection="0,0,-1" FieldOfView="60" />
          </Viewport3D.Camera>

          <!-- The ModelVisual3D children contain the 3D models -->
          <Viewport3D.Children>

            <!-- This ModelVisual3D defines the light cast in the scene. Without light, the 3D 
                 object cannot be seen. Also, the direction of the lights affect shadowing. If desired,
                 you can create multiple lights with different colors that shine from different directions. -->
            <ModelVisual3D>
              <ModelVisual3D.Content>
                <DirectionalLight Color="#FFFFFF" Direction="-0.612372,-0.5,-0.612372" />
              </ModelVisual3D.Content>
            </ModelVisual3D>
            <ModelVisual3D>
              <ModelVisual3D.Content>
                <GeometryModel3D>

                  <!-- The geometry specifes the shape of the 3D plane. In this sample, a flat sheet is created. -->
                  <GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                    <MeshGeometry3D
                     TriangleIndices="0,1,2 3,4,5 "
                     Normals="0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 "
                     TextureCoordinates="0,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 0,1 0,0 "
                     Positions="-0.5,-0.5,0.5 0.5,-0.5,0.5 0.5,0.5,0.5 0.5,0.5,0.5 -0.5,0.5,0.5 -0.5,-0.5,0.5 " />
                  </GeometryModel3D.Geometry>

                  <!-- The material specifies the material applied to the 3D object. In this sample a linear gradient 
                       covers the surface of the 3D object.-->
                  <GeometryModel3D.Material>
                    <MaterialGroup>
                      <DiffuseMaterial>
                        <DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
                          <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0.5" EndPoint="1,0.5">
                            <LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops>
                              <GradientStop Color="Yellow" Offset="0" />
                              <GradientStop Color="Red" Offset="0.25" />
                              <GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="0.75" />
                              <GradientStop Color="LimeGreen" Offset="1" />
                            </LinearGradientBrush.GradientStops>
                          </LinearGradientBrush>
                        </DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
                      </DiffuseMaterial>
                    </MaterialGroup>
                  </GeometryModel3D.Material>

                  <!-- Apply a transform to the object. In this sample, a rotation transform is applied, rendering the 
                       3D object rotated. -->
                  <GeometryModel3D.Transform>
                    <RotateTransform3D>
                      <RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
                        <AxisAngleRotation3D Axis="0,3,0" Angle="40" />
                      </RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
                    </RotateTransform3D>
                  </GeometryModel3D.Transform>
                </GeometryModel3D>
              </ModelVisual3D.Content>
            </ModelVisual3D>
          </Viewport3D.Children>

        </Viewport3D>
      </Canvas>
    </Viewbox>
  </DockPanel>
</Page>

下面的代码演示如何以程序代码创建同一三维场景。

C#

复制代码

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Media3D;

namespace SDKSample
{
    public partial class Basic3DShapeExample : Page
    {
        public Basic3DShapeExample()
        {

            // Declare scene objects.
            Viewport3D myViewport3D = new Viewport3D();
            Model3DGroup myModel3DGroup = new Model3DGroup();
            GeometryModel3D myGeometryModel = new GeometryModel3D();
            ModelVisual3D myModelVisual3D = new ModelVisual3D();
            // Defines the camera used to view the 3D object. In order to view the 3D object,
            // the camera must be positioned and pointed such that the object is within view 
            // of the camera.
            PerspectiveCamera myPCamera = new PerspectiveCamera();

            // Specify where in the 3D scene the camera is.
            myPCamera.Position = new Point3D(0, 0, 2);

            // Specify the direction that the camera is pointing.
            myPCamera.LookDirection = new Vector3D(0, 0, -1);

            // Define camera's horizontal field of view in degrees.
            myPCamera.FieldOfView = 60;

            // Asign the camera to the viewport
            myViewport3D.Camera = myPCamera;
            // Define the lights cast in the scene. Without light, the 3D object cannot 
            // be seen. Also, the direction of the lights affect shadowing. Note: to 
            // illuminate an object from additional directions, create additional lights.
            DirectionalLight myDirectionalLight = new DirectionalLight();
            myDirectionalLight.Color = Colors.White;
            myDirectionalLight.Direction = new Vector3D(-0.61, -0.5, -0.61);

            myModel3DGroup.Children.Add(myDirectionalLight);

            // The geometry specifes the shape of the 3D plane. In this sample, a flat sheet 
            // is created.
            MeshGeometry3D myMeshGeometry3D = new MeshGeometry3D();

            // Create a collection of normal vectors for the MeshGeometry3D.
            Vector3DCollection myNormalCollection = new Vector3DCollection();
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myNormalCollection.Add(new Vector3D(0,0,1));
            myMeshGeometry3D.Normals = myNormalCollection;

            // Create a collection of vertex positions for the MeshGeometry3D. 
            Point3DCollection myPositionCollection = new Point3DCollection();
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5));
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, -0.5, 0.5));
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
            myPositionCollection.Add(new Point3D(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5));
            myMeshGeometry3D.Positions = myPositionCollection;

            // Create a collection of texture coordinates for the MeshGeometry3D.
            PointCollection myTextureCoordinatesCollection = new PointCollection();
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 0));
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 0));
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 1));
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(1, 1));
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 1));
            myTextureCoordinatesCollection.Add(new Point(0, 0));
            myMeshGeometry3D.TextureCoordinates = myTextureCoordinatesCollection;

            // Create a collection of triangle indices for the MeshGeometry3D.
            Int32Collection myTriangleIndicesCollection = new Int32Collection();
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(0);
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(1);
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(2);
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(3);
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(4);
            myTriangleIndicesCollection.Add(5);
            myMeshGeometry3D.TriangleIndices = myTriangleIndicesCollection;

            // Apply the mesh to the geometry model.
            myGeometryModel.Geometry = myMeshGeometry3D;

            // The material specifies the material applied to the 3D object. In this sample a  
            // linear gradient covers the surface of the 3D object.

            // Create a horizontal linear gradient with four stops.   
            LinearGradientBrush myHorizontalGradient = new LinearGradientBrush();
            myHorizontalGradient.StartPoint = new Point(0, 0.5);
            myHorizontalGradient.EndPoint = new Point(1, 0.5);
            myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Yellow, 0.0));
            myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Red, 0.25));
            myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.Blue, 0.75));
            myHorizontalGradient.GradientStops.Add(new GradientStop(Colors.LimeGreen, 1.0));

            // Define material and apply to the mesh geometries.
            DiffuseMaterial myMaterial = new DiffuseMaterial(myHorizontalGradient);
            myGeometryModel.Material = myMaterial;

            // Apply a transform to the object. In this sample, a rotation transform is applied,  
            // rendering the 3D object rotated.
            RotateTransform3D myRotateTransform3D = new RotateTransform3D();
            AxisAngleRotation3D myAxisAngleRotation3d = new AxisAngleRotation3D();
            myAxisAngleRotation3d.Axis = new Vector3D(0,3,0);
            myAxisAngleRotation3d.Angle = 40;
            myRotateTransform3D.Rotation = myAxisAngleRotation3d;
            myGeometryModel.Transform = myRotateTransform3D;

            // Add the geometry model to the model group.
            myModel3DGroup.Children.Add(myGeometryModel);

            // Add the group of models to the ModelVisual3d.
            myModelVisual3D.Content = myModel3DGroup;

            // 
            myViewport3D.Children.Add(myModelVisual3D);

            // Apply the viewport to the page so it will be rendered.
            this.Content = myViewport3D;
        }
    }
}

 继承层次结构

System . . :: .Object
   System.Windows.Threading . . :: .DispatcherObject
     System.Windows . . :: .DependencyObject
       System.Windows.Media . . :: .Visual
         System.Windows . . :: .UIElement
           System.Windows . . :: .FrameworkElement
             System.Windows.Controls..::.Viewport3D

 线程安全

此类型的任何公共 static（在 Visual Basic 中为 Shared） 成员都是线程安全的。但不保证所有实例成员都是线程安全的。

 平台

Windows Vista

.NET Framework 和 .NET Compact Framework 并不是对每个平台的所有版本都提供支持。有关支持的版本的列表，请参见.NET Framework 系统要求。

 版本信息

.NET Framework

受以下版本支持：3.5、3.0

 另请参见

参考

Viewport3D 成员

System.Windows.Controls 命名空间

Viewport3DVisual

其他资源

三维图形概述