Leetcode 52 N-Queens II

又练习了一下backtracking,算是一遍通过。

几个注意的地方:

1. 使用了动态数组之后,注意memset一下清零(三个参数依次是:指针,要设置的值,长度)

2. 注意从第0个Queen开始放,这样便于理解和编程。

3. 注意isValid函数。一般在backtracking中,最好都有这样一个函数,便于程序的结构化。

4. 本次使用的是recursion,其实backtracking显然也可以通过iteration实现,只是麻烦一点。


1068ms 过大集合


class Solution{ 
bool isValid(int * arr, int len, int QueenToPut, int pos)
{
	bool ret = true;
	if (QueenToPut == 0)
		return ret; //always true for the first queen
	for (int i = 0; i <= QueenToPut - 1; i++)
	{
		//the position cannot be equal to any other previous position; also, the two points are (i,arr[i]) and (QueenToPut,pos), they should not in the diagonal position 
		if (abs(i - QueenToPut) == abs(arr[i] - pos) || arr[i] == pos)
		{
			ret = false;
			break; //use as little loop as possible
		}
	}
	return ret;
}
int QueenHelper(int* arr, int len, int QueenToPut)
{
	int ret = 0;
	if (QueenToPut == len) //we are done
	{
//print all the possiblities
		return 1;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		if (isValid(arr, len, QueenToPut, i))
		{
			arr[QueenToPut] = i; //place it
			ret += QueenHelper(arr, len, QueenToPut + 1);
		}
	}
	return ret;
}
int totalNQueens(int num)
{
	if (num <= 0)
		return 0;
	int arr[num];
	memset(arr, 0, num);
	return QueenHelper(arr, num, 0);
}
};


这是iteration的backtracking解法,应该也可以通过,不过现在返回的vector并非总个数,而是每个queen的位置。在本机debug了一下可以通过。

iteration的解法大概要70行,而且陷阱比较多。recursion的解法大概要40行,逻辑容易很多,所以还是推荐recursion解法。

iteration解法中,值得一提的是forward这个变量的用法,要好好体会。

class SolutionOK
{
public:
	//像这种一重一重的iteration,不如用recursion
	bool isValid(vector<int> arr, int row, int queenPos, int max)
	{
		int i;
		bool ret = true;
		if (queenPos > max) //!! this sentence has the highest priority~!!!
			return false;
		if (row == 1)
			return ret; //always true for row 1

		for (i = 1; i < row; i++)
		{
			if (arr[i] == queenPos || abs(i - row) == abs(arr[i] - queenPos))
			{

				ret = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}
public:

	vector<vector<int> > Queen(int n)
	{
		vector<int> result(n + 1);
		vector<vector<int> > ret;
		int index = 1;
		bool forward = true;
		int nextQueenPos = 1;

		while (index >= 1)
		{
			if (forward)
			{
				if (isValid(result, index, nextQueenPos, n))
				{
					if (index == n)
					{
						result[index] = nextQueenPos;
						ret.push_back(result);
						forward = false;
					}
					else
					{
						result[index++] = nextQueenPos;
						nextQueenPos = 1; //next position
					}
				}

				else
					forward = false;
			}
			else
			{
				nextQueenPos++;
				if (nextQueenPos > n)
				{
					index--;
					nextQueenPos = result[index] + 1; //would plus 1 in the next loop
				}
				if (isValid(result, index, nextQueenPos, n))
//						result[index] = nextQueenPos;//这里面不修改结果
					forward = true;
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}
};


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