来源:赛迪网 作者:kid
1 dummy_function (void) 2 { 3 unsigned char *ptr = 0x00; 4 *ptr = 0x00; 5 } 6 7 int main (void) 8 { 9 dummy_function (); 10 11 return 0; 12 } |
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ./a.out 段错误 |
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic d.c xiaosuo@gentux test $ gdb ./a.out GNU gdb 6.5 Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1". (gdb) r Starting program: /home/xiaosuo/test/a.out Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x08048524 in dummy_function () at d.c:4 4 *ptr = 0x00; (gdb) |
The default action of certain signals is to cause a process to terminate and produce a core dump file, a disk file containing an image of the process's memory at the time of termination. A list of the signals which cause a process to dump core can be found in signal(7). |
$ uname -a
Linux dev 2.4.21-9.30AXsmp #1 SMP Wed May 26 23:37:09 EDT 2004 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
再看看默认的一些参数,注意core file size是个0,程序出错时不会产生core文件了。
$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 4
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 2048
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 7168
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
不过奇怪了,我的系统上并没有找到core文件。后来,忆起为了渐少系统上的拉圾文件的数量(本人有些洁癖,这也是我喜欢Gentoo的原因 之一),禁止了core文件的生成,查看了以下果真如此,将系统的core文件的大小限制在512K大小,再试:
需要修改参数,才能使出错时产生core文件。
没有找到core文件,我们改改ulimit的设置,让它产生。1024是随便取的,要是core文件大于1024个块,就产生不出来了。
$ ulimit -c 1024
比较保险的做法是
$ ulimit -c unlimited
$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 1024
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 4
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 2048
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 7168
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
设置Core Dump的核心转储文件目录和命名规则
/proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid可以控制产生的core文件的文件名中是否添加pid作为扩展,如果添加则文件内容为1,否则为0
/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern可以设置格式化的core文件保存位置或文件名,比如原来文件内容是core-%e
可以这样修改:
echo "/corefile/core-%e-%p-%t" > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
将会控制所产生的core文件会存放到/corefile目录下,产生的文件名为core-命令名-pid-时间戳
以下是参数列表:
%p - insert pid into filename 添加pid
%u - insert current uid into filename 添加当前uid
%g - insert current gid into filename 添加当前gid
%s - insert signal that caused the coredump into the filename 添加导致产生core的信号
%t - insert UNIX time that the coredump occurred into filename 添加core文件生成时的unix时间
%h - insert hostname where the coredump happened into filename 添加主机名
%e - insert coredumping executable name into filename 添加命令名
一个小方法来测试产生core文件
直接输入指令:
kill -s SIGSEGV $$
就可以在当前目录下面看到core文件了
产生core文件,可以使用gdb调试:
可执行程序是叫做bin(通常core文件就叫做bin.core),使用下面命令
1.gdb ./bin ./bin.core
2.使用bt命令看frames,假定在n
3.使用frame n调整frame
4.这个时候可以p任何argument或者local variable
调试p string这样的对象的值,可能由于过长,可以p string 的私有成员,如果p arg1.dat,这样可以通过p arg1.dat+100这样进行偏移。如:
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gdb ./a.out core
GNU gdb 6.5
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
warning: Can't read pathname for load map: 输入/输出错误.
Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
Core was generated by `./a.out'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0 0x08048524 in dummy_function () at d.c:4
4 *ptr = 0x00;
这样获得了这些数据以后,我们可以将这些数据取出来,构造core的条件,单步跟踪,今天我就用这样的方法找到了一个bug。
主要使用到第二条,就可以发现错误出现位置。在core文件内容中,显示的 第一个出现在某个文件的 行数,就为该行出现的错误。仔细查看该行。之后的一些信息就是函数调用的 逐行退出。而且每个都有位置标志。
#include #include #include #include void dump(int signo) { char buf[1024]; char cmd[1024]; FILE *fh; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d/cmdline", getpid()); if(!(fh = fopen(buf, "r"))) exit(0); if(!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fh)) exit(0); fclose(fh); if(buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == 'n') buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = ''; snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "gdb %s %d", buf, getpid()); system(cmd); exit(0); } void dummy_function (void) { unsigned char *ptr = 0x00; *ptr = 0x00; } int main (void) { signal(SIGSEGV, &dump); dummy_function (); return 0; } |
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic f.c xiaosuo@gentux test $ ./a.out GNU gdb 6.5 Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1". Attaching to program: /home/xiaosuo/test/a.out, process 9563 Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6 Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done. Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2 0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall () (gdb) bt #0 0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall () #1 0xb7ee4b53 in waitpid () from /lib/libc.so.6 #2 0xb7e925c9 in strtold_l () from /lib/libc.so.6 #3 0x08048830 in dump (signo=11) at f.c:22 #4 #5 0x0804884c in dummy_function () at f.c:31 #6 0x08048886 in main () at f.c:38 |
#include #include #include #include /* A dummy function to make the backtrace more interesting. */ void dummy_function (void) { unsigned char *ptr = 0x00; *ptr = 0x00; } void dump(int signo) { void *array[10]; size_t size; char **strings; size_t i; size = backtrace (array, 10); strings = backtrace_symbols (array, size); printf ("Obtained %zd stack frames.n", size); for (i = 0; i < size; i++) printf ("%sn", strings[i]); free (strings); exit(0); } int main (void) { signal(SIGSEGV, &dump); dummy_function (); return 0; } |
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic g.c xiaosuo@gentux test $ ./a.out Obtained 5 stack frames. ./a.out(dump+0x19) [0x80486c2] [0xffffe420] ./a.out(main+0x35) [0x804876f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe6) [0xb7e02866] ./a.out [0x8048601] |
xiaosuo@gentux test $ objdump -d a.out |
8048765: e8 02 fe ff ff call 804856c 804876a: e8 25 ff ff ff call 8048694 804876f: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 8048774: c9 leave |