关系数据库当中存放树形结构(同层有序)，一次性生成对应树形菜单

@sonikk 2013-7-16 0:27:38 ^_^

这是数据库：

mysql> use db_test1;
Database changed
mysql> select * from tb_tree;
+----+-------+------+-------+-------+--------+-------------+
| id | posnr | upp  | downp | leftp | rightp | txt         |
+----+-------+------+-------+-------+--------+-------------+
| 61 |     1 |    0 |     4 |  NULL |      2 | 工程1       |
| 62 |     2 |    0 |     7 |     1 |      3 | 工程2       |
| 63 |     3 |    0 |  NULL |     2 |   NULL | 工程3       |
| 64 |     4 |    1 |     9 |  NULL |      5 | 工程1-1     |
| 65 |     5 |    1 |    12 |     4 |     17 | 工程1-2     |
| 66 |     6 |    1 |  NULL |    17 |   NULL | 工程1-4     |
| 67 |     7 |    2 |    15 |  NULL |      8 | 工程2-1     |
| 68 |     8 |    2 |  NULL |     7 |   NULL | 工程2-2     |
| 69 |     9 |    4 |  NULL |  NULL |     10 | 工程1-1-1   |
| 70 |    10 |    4 |    14 |     9 |     11 | 工程1-1-2   |
| 71 |    11 |    4 |  NULL |    10 |   NULL | 工程1-1-3   |
| 72 |    12 |    5 |  NULL |  NULL |     13 | 工程1-2-1   |
| 73 |    13 |    5 |  NULL |    12 |   NULL | 工程1-2-2   |
| 74 |    14 |   10 |  NULL |  NULL |   NULL | 工程1-1-2-1 |
| 75 |    15 |    7 |  NULL |  NULL |     16 | 工程2-1-1   |
| 76 |    16 |    7 |  NULL |    15 |   NULL | 工程2-1-2   |
| 77 |    17 |    1 |  NULL |     5 |      6 | 工程1-3     |
| 78 |     0 | NULL |     1 |  NULL |   NULL | 根节点      |
+----+-------+------+-------+-------+--------+-------------+
18 rows in set (0.02 sec)

这事对应的脚本文件：

db_test1.sql

/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server         : local
Source Server Version : 50612
Source Host           : localhost:3306
Source Database       : db_test1

Target Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50612
File Encoding         : 65001

Date: 2013-07-15 23:42:30
*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `tb_tree`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_tree`;
CREATE TABLE `tb_tree` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `posnr` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `upp` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `downp` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `leftp` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `rightp` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `txt` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `posnr_UNIQUE` (`posnr`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=79 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tb_tree
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('61', '1', '0', '4', null, '2', '工程1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('62', '2', '0', '7', '1', '3', '工程2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('63', '3', '0', null, '2', null, '工程3');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('64', '4', '1', '9', null, '5', '工程1-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('65', '5', '1', '12', '4', '17', '工程1-2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('66', '6', '1', null, '17', null, '工程1-4');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('67', '7', '2', '15', null, '8', '工程2-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('68', '8', '2', null, '7', null, '工程2-2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('69', '9', '4', null, null, '10', '工程1-1-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('70', '10', '4', '14', '9', '11', '工程1-1-2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('71', '11', '4', null, '10', null, '工程1-1-3');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('72', '12', '5', null, null, '13', '工程1-2-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('73', '13', '5', null, '12', null, '工程1-2-2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('74', '14', '10', null, null, null, '工程1-1-2-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('75', '15', '7', null, null, '16', '工程2-1-1');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('76', '16', '7', null, '15', null, '工程2-1-2');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('77', '17', '1', null, '5', '6', '工程1-3');
INSERT INTO `tb_tree` VALUES ('78', '0', null, '1', null, null, '根节点');

这是程序执行结果：

=======================
[table]:
id=61, posnr= 1, up= 0, down= 4, left=  , right= 2, txt=工程1
id=62, posnr= 2, up= 0, down= 7, left= 1, right= 3, txt=工程2
id=63, posnr= 3, up= 0, down=  , left= 2, right=  , txt=工程3
id=64, posnr= 4, up= 1, down= 9, left=  , right= 5, txt=工程1-1
id=65, posnr= 5, up= 1, down=12, left= 4, right=17, txt=工程1-2
id=66, posnr= 6, up= 1, down=  , left=17, right=  , txt=工程1-4
id=67, posnr= 7, up= 2, down=15, left=  , right= 8, txt=工程2-1
id=68, posnr= 8, up= 2, down=  , left= 7, right=  , txt=工程2-2
id=69, posnr= 9, up= 4, down=  , left=  , right=10, txt=工程1-1-1
id=70, posnr=10, up= 4, down=14, left= 9, right=11, txt=工程1-1-2
id=71, posnr=11, up= 4, down=  , left=10, right=  , txt=工程1-1-3
id=72, posnr=12, up= 5, down=  , left=  , right=13, txt=工程1-2-1
id=73, posnr=13, up= 5, down=  , left=12, right=  , txt=工程1-2-2
id=74, posnr=14, up=10, down=  , left=  , right=  , txt=工程1-1-2-1
id=75, posnr=15, up= 7, down=  , left=  , right=16, txt=工程2-1-1
id=76, posnr=16, up= 7, down=  , left=15, right=  , txt=工程2-1-2
id=77, posnr=17, up= 1, down=  , left= 5, right= 6, txt=工程1-3
id=78, posnr= 0, up=  , down= 1, left=  , right=  , txt=根节点
=======================
[travel]:
id=78, posnr= 0, up=  , down= 1, left=  , right=  , txt=根节点
id=61, posnr= 1, up= 0, down= 4, left=  , right= 2, txt=工程1
id=62, posnr= 2, up= 0, down= 7, left= 1, right= 3, txt=工程2
id=63, posnr= 3, up= 0, down=  , left= 2, right=  , txt=工程3
id=64, posnr= 4, up= 1, down= 9, left=  , right= 5, txt=工程1-1
id=65, posnr= 5, up= 1, down=12, left= 4, right=17, txt=工程1-2
id=77, posnr=17, up= 1, down=  , left= 5, right= 6, txt=工程1-3
id=66, posnr= 6, up= 1, down=  , left=17, right=  , txt=工程1-4
id=67, posnr= 7, up= 2, down=15, left=  , right= 8, txt=工程2-1
id=68, posnr= 8, up= 2, down=  , left= 7, right=  , txt=工程2-2
id=69, posnr= 9, up= 4, down=  , left=  , right=10, txt=工程1-1-1
id=70, posnr=10, up= 4, down=14, left= 9, right=11, txt=工程1-1-2
id=71, posnr=11, up= 4, down=  , left=10, right=  , txt=工程1-1-3
id=72, posnr=12, up= 5, down=  , left=  , right=13, txt=工程1-2-1
id=73, posnr=13, up= 5, down=  , left=12, right=  , txt=工程1-2-2
id=75, posnr=15, up= 7, down=  , left=  , right=16, txt=工程2-1-1
id=76, posnr=16, up= 7, down=  , left=15, right=  , txt=工程2-1-2
id=74, posnr=14, up=10, down=  , left=  , right=  , txt=工程1-1-2-1
=======================
[result]:
id=78, posnr= 0, up=  , down= 1, left=  , right=  , txt=根节点
id=61, posnr= 1, up= 0, down= 4, left=  , right= 2, txt=工程1
id=64, posnr= 4, up= 1, down= 9, left=  , right= 5, txt=工程1-1
id=69, posnr= 9, up= 4, down=  , left=  , right=10, txt=工程1-1-1
id=70, posnr=10, up= 4, down=14, left= 9, right=11, txt=工程1-1-2
id=74, posnr=14, up=10, down=  , left=  , right=  , txt=工程1-1-2-1
id=71, posnr=11, up= 4, down=  , left=10, right=  , txt=工程1-1-3
id=65, posnr= 5, up= 1, down=12, left= 4, right=17, txt=工程1-2
id=72, posnr=12, up= 5, down=  , left=  , right=13, txt=工程1-2-1
id=73, posnr=13, up= 5, down=  , left=12, right=  , txt=工程1-2-2
id=77, posnr=17, up= 1, down=  , left= 5, right= 6, txt=工程1-3
id=66, posnr= 6, up= 1, down=  , left=17, right=  , txt=工程1-4
id=62, posnr= 2, up= 0, down= 7, left= 1, right= 3, txt=工程2
id=67, posnr= 7, up= 2, down=15, left=  , right= 8, txt=工程2-1
id=75, posnr=15, up= 7, down=  , left=  , right=16, txt=工程2-1-1
id=76, posnr=16, up= 7, down=  , left=15, right=  , txt=工程2-1-2
id=68, posnr= 8, up= 2, down=  , left= 7, right=  , txt=工程2-2
id=63, posnr= 3, up= 0, down=  , left= 2, right=  , txt=工程3

程序的关键算法主要是树的层次遍历(队列) + 链表预算位置+偏移量插入：

树的逻辑结构：

向逆时针方向旋转90度后进行找规律：

DBHelper.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;

namespace DataBaseTree
{
    class DBHelper
    {
        public const string server = "127.0.0.1";
        public const string username = "root";
        public const string password = "";
        public const string database = "db_test1";

        MySqlConnection mConn = null;

        public DBHelper()
        {
            if (mConn == null)
            {
                mConn = getConn();
            }
        }

        ~DBHelper()
        {
            if (mConn != null)
            {
                mConn.Close();
                mConn.Dispose();
                mConn = null;
            }
        }

        public void exeNonSql(string sql)
        {
            exeNonSql(mConn, sql);
        }

                // 绑定并查看数据
        public void bindData(DataGridView dgv, string sql)
        {
            bindData(dgv, mConn, sql);
        }

        // 执行sql语句获取内存数据表格
        public DataTable queryDataTable(string sql, string table_name)
        {
            return queryDataTable(mConn, sql, table_name);
        }

        // ----------------------------------------------------------------

        // 获取链接
        private MySqlConnection getConn()
        {
            MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection();
            string connStr = String.Format("server={0};uid={1};pwd={2};database={3}", server, username, password, database);
            conn.ConnectionString = connStr;
            conn.Open();
            return conn;
        }

        // 指定一条数据库语句
        private void exeNonSql(MySqlConnection conn, string sql)
        {
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            cmd.Dispose();
        }

        // 绑定并查看数据
        private void bindData(DataGridView dgv, MySqlConnection conn, string sql)
        {
            MySqlDataAdapter mda = new MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();

            mda.Fill(ds, "tb1");

            dgv.DataSource = ds.Tables["tb1"];
        }

        // 执行sql语句查询得到内存数据表格
        private DataTable queryDataTable(MySqlConnection conn, string sql, string table_name)
        {
            MySqlDataAdapter mda = new MySqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();

            mda.Fill(ds, table_name);

            return ds.Tables[table_name];
        }
    }
}

TreeNode.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DataBaseTree
{

    // 定义tb_tree的表结构
    public class TreeNode
    {
        public int id;
        public string posnr; // 不重复字段
        public string up;
        public string down;
        public string left;
        public string right;
        public string txt;

        // 构造函数
        public TreeNode()
        {
            this.id = 0;
            this.posnr = "";
            this.up = "";
            this.down = "";
            this.left = "";
            this.right = "";
            this.txt = "";
        }

        // 赋值
        public void set(TreeNode rdata)
        {
            this.id = rdata.id;
            this.posnr = rdata.posnr;
            this.up = rdata.up;
            this.down = rdata.down;
            this.left = rdata.left;
            this.right = rdata.right;
            this.txt = rdata.txt;
        }


    }



}

TreeTable.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Collections;

namespace DataBaseTree
{
    class TreeTable
    {

        // 获取数组
        public TreeNode[] getMemoryTableArr(DataTable tb)
        {
            TreeNode[] arr = new TreeNode[tb.Rows.Count];

            for (int i = 0; i < tb.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                //Console.WriteLine("posnr: " + );
                TreeNode rdata = new TreeNode();
                rdata.id = Convert.ToInt32(tb.Rows[i]["id"]);
                rdata.posnr = tb.Rows[i]["posnr"].ToString();
                rdata.up = tb.Rows[i]["upp"].ToString();
                rdata.down = tb.Rows[i]["downp"].ToString();
                rdata.left = tb.Rows[i]["leftp"].ToString();
                rdata.right = tb.Rows[i]["rightp"].ToString();
                rdata.txt = tb.Rows[i]["txt"].ToString();
                arr[i] = rdata;
            }

            return arr;
        }


        public TreeNode[] getTreeData()
        {
            DBHelper db = new DBHelper();

            // 执行sql语句
            db.exeNonSql("set names utf8;");

            db.exeNonSql("use db_test1;");

            string str_sql = "select * from tb_tree;";

            // mDb.bindData(dgv1, str_sql);

            DataTable tb1 = db.queryDataTable(str_sql, "tb1");

            // 释放数据库类
            db = null;

            // 从内存表中提取数据，转化为对象数组
            TreeNode[] arr_table = getMemoryTableArr(tb1);

            return arr_table;
        }



        // 入队列
        private void enQueue(ArrayList arr, TreeNode rdata)
        {
            arr.Insert(arr.Count, rdata);
        }

        // 出队列
        private TreeNode deQueue(ArrayList arr)
        {
            TreeNode rdata = null;

            if (arr.Count > 0)
            {
                rdata = (TreeNode)arr[0];
                arr.RemoveAt(0);
            }

            return rdata;
        }

        // 根据Posnr查找节点
        TreeNode findPosnr(TreeNode[] arr, string posnr)
        {
            TreeNode rdata = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arr[i].posnr == posnr)
                {
                    rdata = arr[i];
                    break;
                }
            }

            return rdata;
        }

        //  查找posnr对应 在队列中的位置
        private int findIndexByPosnr(ArrayList arr, string posnr)
        {
            int index = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Count; i++)
            {
                TreeNode rdata = (TreeNode)arr[i];
                if (rdata.posnr == posnr)
                {
                    index = i;
                    break;
                }
            }

            return index;
        }

        // 按照right链表连接排序
        public TreeNode[] sortLinkByRight(TreeNode[] arr)
        {
            // 没有数据不排序，返回null
            if (arr == null || arr.Length == 0)
                return null;

            // 只有一个子节点，返回本身，不排序
            if (arr.Length == 1)
            {
                return arr;
            }

            TreeNode[] arr_ret = new TreeNode[arr.Length];

            // 找left为空的posnr
            string next_posnr = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arr[i].left == "")
                {
                    next_posnr = arr[i].posnr;
                    break;
                }
            }


            int j = 0;
            do
            {
                TreeNode rdata = findPosnr(arr, next_posnr);
                arr_ret[j] = rdata;
                j++;
                next_posnr = rdata.right;

            } while (next_posnr != "");


            return arr_ret;
        }

        public TreeNode[] findChildByUp(TreeNode[] arr, string up)
        {
            /*
            int count = 0;

            // 统计儿子个数
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arr[i].up == up)
                {
                    count++;
                }
            }

            // 创建儿子数组
            RData[] arr_ret = new RData[count];

            int j = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arr[i].up == up)
                {
                    arr_ret[j] = arr[i];
                    j++;
                }
            }

            return arr_ret;
            */

            ArrayList arr_ret = new ArrayList();

            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arr[i].up == up)
                {
                    arr_ret.Add(arr[i]);
                }
            }

            return (TreeNode[])arr_ret.ToArray(typeof(TreeNode));
        }

        // 查找up，并返回有序的数据集
        public TreeNode[] findChildByUpOrdered(TreeNode[] arr, string up)
        {
            // 查找
            TreeNode[] arr_ret = findChildByUp(arr, up);

            //orderByLeft(arr_ret);

            arr_ret = sortLinkByRight(arr_ret);


            return arr_ret;
        }

        // 层次遍历
        public void travel(TreeNode[] arr_table, ArrayList queue, ArrayList list_result)
        {
            TreeNode rdata = null;
            do
            {
                // 出队一个节点
                rdata = deQueue(queue);

                if (rdata == null)
                    continue;

                // 按层次遍历输出
                Console.WriteLine("id={0,2}, posnr={1,2}, up={2,2}, down={3,2}, left={4,2}, right={5,2}, txt={6,2}", rdata.id, rdata.posnr, rdata.up, rdata.down, rdata.left, rdata.right, rdata.txt);

                // 查找出队节点的儿子节点
                TreeNode[] children = findChildByUpOrdered(arr_table, rdata.posnr);  // up = null

                // 查找posnr对应的的位置
                int insert_index = findIndexByPosnr(list_result, rdata.posnr);
                if (children != null)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < children.Length; i++)
                    {
                        // 儿子入队
                        enQueue(queue, children[i]);

                        // 将儿子插入到posnr节点之后，计算： 插入位置 = 父位置 + 偏移量
                        list_result.Insert(insert_index + i + 1, children[i]);
                    }
                }


            } while (rdata != null);

        }

        // 格式化输出全部数组
        public void printArray(TreeNode[] arr)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; ++i)
            {
                TreeNode rdata = arr[i];
                Console.WriteLine("id={0,2}, posnr={1,2}, up={2,2}, down={3,2}, left={4,2}, right={5,2}, txt={6}", rdata.id, rdata.posnr, rdata.up, rdata.down, rdata.left, rdata.right, rdata.txt);
            }
        }

        // 格式化输出ArrayList
        public void printArray(ArrayList al)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < al.Count; ++i)
            {
                TreeNode rdata = (TreeNode)al[i];
                Console.WriteLine("id={0,2}, posnr={1,2}, up={2,2}, down={3,2}, left={4,2}, right={5,2}, txt={6}", rdata.id, rdata.posnr, rdata.up, rdata.down, rdata.left, rdata.right, rdata.txt);
            }
        }

        // [main] 生成数据树形结构的菜单
        public void GenerateTreeMenu()
        {
            TreeNode[] arr_table = getTreeData();

            Console.WriteLine("=======================");
            Console.WriteLine("[table]:");
            printArray(arr_table);


            // 创建队列
            ArrayList queue = new ArrayList();

            // 创建结果List
            ArrayList list_result = new ArrayList();

            // 建立初始队列, 插入根节点 (指定up为NULL的)
            TreeNode[] children = findChildByUpOrdered(arr_table, "");  // up = null
            for (int i = 0; i < children.Length; i++)
            {
                enQueue(queue, children[i]);

                // 插入结果
                list_result.Add(children[i]);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("=======================");
            Console.WriteLine("[travel]:");
            travel(arr_table, queue, list_result);

            Console.WriteLine("=======================");
            Console.WriteLine("[result]:");
            printArray(list_result);

        }



    }
}

@sonikk 2013-7-16 0:27:38 ^_^ /~