MYSQL数据库导入数据时出现乱码的解决办法

安装mysql后
配置MySQL
[root@sample ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf　 ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1　 ← 找到这一行，在这一行的下面添加新的规则，让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8　 ← 添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句：
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

导入库后出现乱码可用下面几种方法：
我是通过方法2解决的。
方法一: 通过增加参数 –default-character-set = utf8 解决乱码问题
mysql -u root -p password < path_to_import_file –default-character-set = utf8

方法二: 在命令行导入乱码解决

1. use database_name;
2. set names utf8; (或其他需要的编码)
3. source example.sql (sql文件存放路径)

方法三: 直接粘贴sql文件里的代码
1. 打开SQLyog客户端软件;
2. 定位到SQL编辑器，然后用记事本打开刚刚导出的SQL文件;
3. 复制文件中所有SQL语句到SQL编辑器当中，执行这些SQL代码;

方法四: 用记事本或其他文本工具改变SQL文件的编码格式(若方法三不行,那就尝试方法四)

1. 用记事本(或UE)打开刚才的导出的SQL文件;
2. 另存此文件——打开另存为对话框，选择对话框中的编码格式为UNICODE编码;
3. 保存文件，然后CTRL+A，全选;
4. 复制里面的SQL语句到SQLyog中的“SQL编码器”当中，再执行一次SQL语句;
5. 执行完成后切记刷新一次，查看中文的数据表，乱码消除，大功告成;

Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：
1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置
find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
  cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加
  default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加
  default-character-set=utf8

4.重新启动MySQL
  [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
  Shutting down MySQL                                        [  确定  ]
  Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]
  [root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  Your MySQL connection id is 1
  Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

5.查看字符集设置

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>
 
其他的一些设置方法：

修改数据库的字符集
  mysql>use mydb
  mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
  mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;


通过配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart



通过MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)