linux下Oracle自动启动与停止（一）

1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件/etc/oratab
   /etc/oratab 格式为： SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
   把AUTO域设置为Y(大写)，只有这样，oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。我的为：
   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:Y
   这儿的ORACLE_SID和ORACLE_HOME是oracle用户下的环境变量,在不同的电脑上有不同的值.当你打开/etc/oratab的时候,修改一下就行了.
2. 编写服务脚本
   在/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下创建oracle文件作为启动脚本,内容如下:
   #!/bin/sh
   #
   # /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
   # 解说∶启动及停止 Oracle 数据库和监听程序
   # 检查如何执行脚本文件
   case "$1" in
     start)
           echo -n "Starting Oracle Databases: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo -n "Starting Oracle Listeners: "
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
           #su - oracle  "sqlplus /nolog" <
           #connect /as sysdba
           #startup
           #exit
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           ;;
     stop)
           echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Databases: "
           su - ora -c dbshut >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           ;;
     restart)
           echo -n "Restarting Oracle Databases: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstop >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo -n "Restarting Oracle Listeners: "
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           ;;
     *)
           echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
           exit 1
   esac
   在oracle用户下输入如上的内容,然后保存退出,由于是启动脚本,需要执行权限;执行命令chmod a+x oracle授予oracle执行权限.
3. 建立服务连接
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle
4. 测试
   运行./oracle start 命令,看是否能启动数据库,如果不能,查看日志,查找原因
   我在执行得时候遇到了如下得错误信息
   Can't find init file for Database "linuxdb".
   Database "linuxdb" NOT started.
   通过查看${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbstart中的脚本,根据错误信息查找到语句,得知系统中缺少
   ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora配置文件
   解决办法
   sqlplus "/as sysdba"
   create pfile from spfile;
   然后再执行就成功了.
   
   重新启动linux主机,看数据库是否自动启动了.
   另外也可以通过别的方式启动,系统在启动的时候会遍历/etc/profile.d目录,把所有的.sh文件都执行一遍.
   也可以通过修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local或/etc/rc.d/rc文件来达到开机启动程序的目的,但是局限是不能指定启动用户.
   如果在unix下,启动脚本应该建立在/sbin/init.d下,然后在/sbin/rc0~6.d下面建立连接;