http://skpsun.blog.163.com/blog/static/27600552009121109154/
这篇结合前面三篇(关于Linux内核的,关于motion介绍的,关于安装usb摄像头驱动的),介绍了一个Linux下,用来探测运动的软件包motion,它可以按照需要进行配置。实现在摄像头静止情况下,对视场的监控。
所需硬件,一台pc,一个普通usb摄像头。然后在Windows XP里装一个虚拟机,下一个虚拟机下用的Linux(见前篇motion介绍的blog),就可以应用motion了。本文里讲motion设置为,一检测到视场里有运动,就向设定邮箱发送监控avi视频。我曾经插着USB摄像头,启动motion,然后运行了一晚上。本想拍下同事早晨来时的视频,结果早晨我来了检查邮箱,除了我走和来时的样子,竟然还有清洁工大妈的样子,一看时间是早晨5:30,这个意外发现解决了我一直以来的一个疑问,到底是谁,什么时间来打扫办公室的。而整晚上发送监控邮件共12封,拍到的视频总大小不到10Mb,确实是一个简单易行的好工具。
首先,确保USB摄像头能在Linux下正常工作。
在Debian下安装Motion也是相当的简单。http://www.debian.com/distrib/packages里有提供motion的安装包,所以直接在终端下运行
# apt-get install motion
装好后,根据安装提示,修改/etc/motion/里的相关文件名,得到这个文件/etc/motion/motion.conf。motion.conf就是motion程序与操作者的接口文件。通过修改motion.conf里的配置,来控制motion的运行。当在终端里运行#motion时,会先在终端所示当前目录下寻找motion.conf,没有找到时,去寻找/etc/motion/motion.conf。所以,我把这个文件copy一份,放到了/root下,然后每次都进root里运行motion。
运行前,先修改这个文件/root/motion.conf,我的motion.conf
# Minimal motion example config file provided by the
# Debian motion package - for basic webcam operation.
#
# You most certainly want to investigate
# /usr/share/doc/motion/examples/motion-dist.conf.gz
# for further configuration options. Also, refer to the
# motion man page and /usr/share/doc/motion/motion_guide.html
# for detailed information on configuration options.
daemon off
quiet on
locate on
# You may very well need to change this (check with 'dmesg'
# after plugging in your webcam).
videodevice /dev/video0
# Image size in pixels (valid range is camera dependent).
width 320
height 240
framerate 25
quality 85
auto_brightness off
# General threshold level and noise threshold
# level (for distinguishing between noise and motion).
threshold_tune off
threshold 4500
noise_level 64
# Initial brightness, contrast, hue (NTSC), and saturation.
# 0 = disabled (valid range 0-255).
brightness 0
contrast 0
saturation 0
hue 0
# Encode movies in real-time (install ffmpeg before enabling).
ffmpeg_cap_new on
# Codec to be used by ffmpeg for the video compression.
# Supported formats: mpeg4, msmpeg4.
ffmpeg_video_codec msmpeg4
# Target base directory for pictures and films (you may need
# to change this (or change its permissions) depending on
# which system user runs motion).
target_dir /root/motion/snapshots
# Define a port number (e.g. 8000) to enable the mini-http server.
# 0 = disabled.
webcam_port 8081
# Set to 'off' to allow anybody (not just localhost) to view the
# webcam via the mini-http server (http://hostname:port).
webcam_localhost off
snapshot_interval 1
snapshot_filename snapshot
webcam_quality 50
webcam_maxrate 8
on_event_start /root/motion/on_motion_detected
on_event_end /root/motion/on_motion_end
gap 10
关于这些配置的具体意义,参见motion官方wiki http://www.lavrsen.dk/twiki/bin/view/Motion/WebHome中的Config options。这里,我只对其中几个解释一下。
daemon off,关掉deamon模式。最好这项还是选off,否则运行motion后,就会直接在后台运行,需要用top命令查看出motion的进程号(pid),然后再手动kill掉这个进程。
locate on设置探测到图像中有运动时,把运动区域用矩形框起来。
videodevice /dev/video0 设置加载USB摄像头的设备,一般都是这个video0,当使用network webcam时,需要设置netcam_url,此时,videodevice选项自动失效。
threshold_tune off设置是否使用motion detection阈值自动调节。当设置为on时,下一个设置threshold 4500自动失效。设置off时,可以由threshold指定当探测到多少像素变化时,判断为图像中有运动。
ffmpeg_cap_new on这个选项是指,在detect到运动时,用视频纪录下来。
ffmpeg_video_codec msmpeg4 设定视频的编码器
target_dir /root/motion/snapshots当探测到运动时,图片和视频的保存路径,默认时为/var/lib/motion/snapshots。
snapshot_interval 1设定自动采集图片的周期,当有运动被检测到时,采集频率会自动变高。
on_event_start /root/motion/on_motion_detected当探测到运动时,执行所设定目录里的文件,这里设定为文件/root/motion/on_motion_detected,该文件可以是一个程序,可以是一段脚本,只要是能执行的就可以。
on_event_end /root/motion/on_motion_end当on_event_start开始后,即检测到运动后, 若有连续10秒不再能检测到运动时,执行该选项设定的文件。10秒参数是由以下gap 10语句设置而来。
以上两个设置参见http://www.lavrsen.dk/twiki/bin/view/Motion/ExternalCommands
gap 10设置,在探测到运动后,多长时间没有运动的话就触发运动结束指令on_event_end。
这里我的on_motion_detected和on_motion_end都是shell脚本。
on_motion_detected脚本的作用是,记录下探测到运动时的时间,即拍摄的监控视频文件的文件名的一部分。把这个时间存到/root/tmp/videotime文件中。on_motion_detected文件如下:
#!/bin/bash
echo "111111111111111on_motion_detected1111111111111111"
DATE=$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
#DATE=$(date -d "-1 sec" +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
ALARM_TIME="/root/tmp/videotime"
echo "$DATE" > $ALARM_TIME
而on_motion_end就是用来发送邮件的。它会在检测到的运动结束后,讲拍下来的运动的avi视频发送到指定邮箱里。avi视频的文件名为一个序号+检测到运动的时间+.avi,而检测到运动的时间,根据on_motion_detected脚本,存在/root/tmp/videotime里,理论上说只要从文件里读出时间,然后补全文件名(该序号由*号替代),便能发出邮件。但是,由于程序运动效率原因,有时会出现,记录的时间同开始录avi的时间差1秒的情况,虽然只有一秒,但是足以导致找不到avi文件,无法正确发出监控视频。由于我们设置了gap为10,即10秒内最多只有一个视频。所以,解决这个问题的办法可以是,去寻找videotime中所记录时间及其上一秒,连续两秒的视频,找到哪个发哪个。当然,结果永远是只会找到一个。on_motion_end这个shell脚本文件如下:
#!/bin/bash
echo "111111111111111on_motion_end1111111111111111"
DIRC="/root/motion/snapshots/"
VIDEOTIME="/root/tmp/videotime"
TIME=$(cat $VIDEOTIME)
ALARM_EMAIL="/root/tmp/myalarm.txt"
echo "Subject: Motion detected - $TIME - $DIRC" > $ALARM_EMAIL
echo "">> $ALARM_EMAIL
echo "Motion detected - check $TIME.avi">>$ALARM_EMAIL
MAILBODY=$(cat $ALARM_EMAIL)
#first trying of sending the avi video
echo $MAILBODY | mutt -s $TIME -a $DIRC*$TIME.avi
[email protected]
#second trying of sending the avi video
TIME=$(expr $TIME - 1)
echo $MAILBODY | mutt -s $TIME -a $DIRC*$TIME.avi
[email protected]
当然,在能成功自动发送邮件前,先要确认是否正确安装配置了mailx和ssmtp。否则,需要先安装这两个程序。
# apt-get install mailx ssmtp
然后在/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf里如下进行配置:
In /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf, set the following:
[email protected]
mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587
rewriteDomain=
hostname=smtp.gmail.com:587
UseSTARTTLS=YES
AuthUser=youraccount
AuthPass=yourpasword
FromLineOverride=YES # optional
In /etc/ssmtp/revaliases:
root:
[email protected]:smtp.gmail.com:587
mainuser:
[email protected]:smtp.gmail.com:587
并在命令行里输入
# mail
[email protected]进行测试,写完邮件正文后按ctrl+D发送,详见
http://www.kedy.cn/show-378-1.html
监控到清洁工大妈的视频截图
Reference webpages:
CLI Magic: Getting into Motion: http://www.linux.com/feature/114118
HOWTO Gmail and sSMTP: http://www.kedy.cn/show-378-1.html
send email with attachment: http://logjiang.itpub.net/post/38081/473118
Motion external commads: http://www.lavrsen.dk/twiki/bin/view/Motion/ExternalCommands
linux中怎么才能获得下一秒的时间: http://www.9php.com/FAQ/cxsjl/shell/2009/01/3120364137960.html
linux date 命令详解: http://www.admin99.net/read.php/188.htm
linux下date命令用法: http://pds911.itpub.net/post/782/454526
shell 十三問?: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=218853
[精华] 跟我一起写 Makefile: http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/23/408225.html
http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/ScriptProgram/LearnMakefile
原文地址: http://user.qzone.qq.com/50638047/blog/1276827358
ubuntu下使用mutt+msmtp发送邮件(转)
Ubuntu Oracle Gmail 脚本 Bash
每天需要多次备份文件,所做操作比较机械化,所以就想在shell下自动帮我备份文件,开始想使用mail命令但是mail命令发邮件需要开启sendmail服务,我只是一台客户端,开个sendmail没有必要,于是乎,在网上找了好久,才发现mutt是个好东西。
在ubuntu下安装mutt很方便,只需要sudo apt-get install mutt,另外需要安装msmtp,一个发邮件的小工具,sudo apt-get insall msmtp。这两个文件都很小,一下子就装完了。
接下来是配置文件,也很简单,这里我引用网上别人的配置和命令行。另外在文件的最后,附上一个脚本文件,是通过发送电子邮件自动备份。
=====================================引用================================
MUTT
系统全局设置/etc/Muttrc,如果使用某个系统用户,可以在~/.muttrc中设置。
vi /etc/Muttrc
set sendmail="/usr/bin/msmtp"
set use_from=yes
set realname="FengYuBin"
set [email protected]
set envelope_from=yes
MSMTP
创建~/.msmtprc和~/.msmtp.log,分别为配置和日志文件。
vi .msmtprc
account default
host smtp.163.com
from [email protected]
auth plain
user fyb
password 123456
logfile ~/.msmtp.log
由于password是明码,所以我们需要修改此文件的权限。
chmod 600 .msmtprc
touch ~/.msmtp.log
查看SMTP服务器是否支持认证的TLS加密:
[oracle@oracle ~]$ msmtp --host=smtp.163.com --serverinfo
SMTP server at smtp.163.com (m5-86.163.com [202.108.5.86]), port 25:
163.com Anti-spam GT for Coremail System (163com[20050206])
Capabilities:
PIPELINING:
Support for command grouping for faster transmission
AUTH:
Supported authentication methods:
PLAIN LOGIN
到这里,你可以使用mutt来发送邮件了,我们测试一下。
echo "test" |mutt -s "my_first_test" [email protected]
-s "subject"
-c "carbon-copy"
echo "test" |mutt -a dbms_stats.txt -s my_first_test [email protected]
echo -e "文字描述,可以带参数$allname" | mutt -a "附件(写好路径)" -a "附件2(写好路径)" [email protected],[email protected](收信人) -c [email protected],[email protected] (抄送)
观察.msmtp.log文件,如果有错会在日志文件中被报告出来,当然,成功发送的日志也会出现在此日志文件内。
到这里发送邮件的过程已经全部完成,接下来要做的事就简单了,我们假设每天凌晨定时发送信件给公司某用户,可以编写脚本处理。
mail.sh
#!/bin/sh
content="you can tell your colleague what something to do at tomorrow"
echo "$content" |mutt -s "hi Jacky" Jacky's_email
OK,上面这些就是我实现自动发送邮件的全部过程,怎么样,很轻松吧!
=================================下面是我脚本文件=======================
#!/bin/bash
cd
fileName=bak\($(date +%Y%m%d%H%M)\).zip #产生文件名
zip $fileName -r fw2 #将需要备份的目录fw2打包
sleep 1 #睡眠一秒,让zip打包完成的文件写入硬盘
echo "Sending mail..."
#调用mutt发送文件
echo "firewall code src backup" | mutt -s "$fileName" [email protected] -a "$fileName"
echo "Sent OK"
http://www.unixmen.com/linux-tutorials/1018-how-to-turn-your-webcam-into-a-motion-detecting-security-spy-camera-in-linux
这个链接里里面有个问题不懂,
After motion is installed, we have to configure Motion to save captured images in a remote server, to do that we need to install wput a command line FTP client that upload the captured photos by motion , to an remote FTP server. You can install wput by entering the following command into a terminal :
sudo apt-get install wput
- Now you can configure Motion to use wput to upload captured photos by adding the lines bellow to motion.conf file :
gedit /etc/motion/motion.conf
And add these lines at the end of the file:
# Command to be executed when a picture (.ppm|.jpg) is saved (default: none)# The filename of the picture is appended as an argument for the command.on_picture_save wputftp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@REMOTE SERVER %f
Now save and close.
After motion is installed, we have to configure Motion to save captured images in a remote server, to do that we need to install wput a command line FTP client that upload the captured photos by motion , to an remote FTP server. You can install wput by entering the following command into a terminal :
sudo apt-get install wput
- Now you can configure Motion to use wput to upload captured photos by adding the lines bellow to motion.conf file :
gedit /etc/motion/motion.conf
And add these lines at the end of the file:
# Command to be executed when a picture (.ppm|.jpg) is saved (default: none)# The filename of the picture is appended as an argument for the command.on_picture_save wputftp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@REMOTE SERVER %f
Now save and close.
You should now be able to open a web interface for Motion now by typing in localhost:8000 from the server itself or XXX.XXX.X.XXX:8000 from another computers web browser. To view a live stream of your webcam type localhost:8001 from the server itself or XXX.XXX.X.XXX:8001 from another computers web browser. You can change settings from this interface here too, you can even make Motion generate it’s own config files to fit your setup exactly.