python IDLE的使用
1、修改默认主题：代码配色及语法高亮
（1）首先找到python的主题配置文件config-highlight.cfg，没有就创建一个：
Linux系统下的路径为：<用户目录>/.idlerc/
winxp下路径为：C:\Documents and Settings\<用户名>\.idlerc\
win7下路径为：C:\Users\<用户名>\.idlerc\
（2）再编辑一下，这里提供几个主题：
[Obsidian] definition-foreground = #678CB1 error-foreground = #FF0000 string-background = #293134 keyword-foreground = #93C763 normal-foreground = #E0E2E4 comment-background = #293134 hit-foreground = #E0E2E4 builtin-background = #293134 stdout-foreground = #678CB1 cursor-foreground = #E0E2E4 break-background = #293134 comment-foreground = #66747B hilite-background = #2F393C hilite-foreground = #E0E2E4 definition-background = #293134 stderr-background = #293134 hit-background = #000000 console-foreground = #E0E2E4 normal-background = #293134 builtin-foreground = #E0E2E4 stdout-background = #293134 console-background = #293134 stderr-foreground = #FB0000 keyword-background = #293134 string-foreground = #EC7600 break-foreground = #E0E2E4 error-background = #293134 [tango] definition-foreground = #fce94f error-foreground = #fa8072 string-background = #2e3436 keyword-foreground = #8cc4ff normal-foreground = #ffffff comment-background = #2e3436 hit-foreground = #ffffff break-foreground = #000000 builtin-background = #2e3436 stdout-foreground = #eeeeec cursor-foreground = #fce94f hit-background = #2e3436 comment-foreground = #73d216 hilite-background = #edd400 definition-background = #2e3436 stderr-background = #2e3436 break-background = #2e3436 console-foreground = #87ceeb normal-background = #2e3436 builtin-foreground = #ad7fa8 stdout-background = #2e3436 console-background = #2e3436 stderr-foreground = #ff3e40 keyword-background = #2e3436 string-foreground = #e9b96e hilite-foreground = #2e3436 error-background = #2e3436 [blackboard] keyword-background = #0C1021 definition-foreground = #D63A1B error-foreground = #ff0000 string-background = #0C1021 keyword-foreground = #FBDE2D hilite-foreground = #000000 comment-background = #0C1021 hit-foreground = #ffffff builtin-background = #0C1021 stdout-foreground = #eeeeee cursor-foreground = #ffcc00 break-background = #ffff55 comment-foreground = #505050 hilite-background = gray definition-background = #0C1021 stderr-background = #0C1021 hit-background = #0C1021 console-foreground = #87ceeb normal-background = #0C1021 builtin-foreground = #fd9902 stdout-background = #0C1021 console-background = #0C1021 stderr-foreground = #ff3e40 normal-foreground = #F8F8F8 string-foreground = #61CE3C break-foreground = black error-background = #000000 [twilight] keyword-background = #141414 definition-foreground = #c86428 error-foreground = #ff0000 string-background = #141414 keyword-foreground = #c2964b hilite-foreground = #00ffff comment-background = #141414 hit-foreground = #ffffff builtin-background = #141414 stdout-foreground = #eeeeee cursor-foreground = #ffcc00 break-background = #ffff55 comment-foreground = #524d53 hilite-background = #0000a0 definition-background = #141414 stderr-background = #141414 hit-background = #141414 console-foreground = #87ceeb normal-background = #141414 builtin-foreground = #ce3e24 stdout-background = #141414 console-background = #141414 stderr-foreground = #ff3e40 normal-foreground = #FFFFFF string-foreground = #61CE3C break-foreground = black error-background = #000000 [desert] keyword-background = #333333 definition-foreground = #98fb98 error-foreground = #ff0000 string-background = #333333 keyword-foreground = #cc6600 hilite-foreground = #000000 comment-background = #333333 hit-foreground = #ffffff builtin-background = #333333 stdout-foreground = #eeeeee cursor-foreground = #ffcc00 break-background = #ffff55 comment-foreground = #87ceeb hilite-background = gray definition-background = #333333 stderr-background = #333333 hit-background = #333333 console-foreground = #87ceeb normal-background = #333333 builtin-foreground = #519e51 stdout-background = #333333 console-background = #333333 stderr-foreground = #ff3e40 normal-foreground = #f0e68c string-foreground = #ffa0a0 break-foreground = black error-background = #000000 [cobalt] keyword-background = #001B33 definition-foreground = #FFDD11 error-foreground = #ff0000 string-background = #001B33 keyword-foreground = #FF7222 hilite-foreground = #00ffff comment-background = #001B33 hit-foreground = #ffffff builtin-background = #001B33 stdout-foreground = #eeeeee cursor-foreground = #ffcc00 break-background = #ffff55 comment-foreground = #007699 hilite-background = #0000a0 definition-background = #001B33 stderr-background = #001B33 hit-background = #001B33 console-foreground = #87ceeb normal-background = #001B33 builtin-foreground = #D40E36 stdout-background = #001B33 console-background = #001B33 stderr-foreground = #ff3e40 normal-foreground = #F8F8F8 string-foreground = #61CE3C break-foreground = black error-background = #000000
2、快捷键
我觉得主要就是一个代码补全，一个自动完成。
（1）自动完成（expand-word）是指用编辑器内已经写过的代码来补全当前代码。在菜单“Edit”中选择“Expand Word”，也可以在菜单“Options”的“Keys”中修改快捷键（默认快捷键是Alt+/）。
（2）代码补全（force-open-completions）是指当前变量的某个函数或者属性值的补全。在菜单“Edit”中选择“Show Completions”，也可以在菜单“Options”的选项“Keys”中修改快捷键（默认快捷键是Ctrl+Space），但是这个默认快捷键与输入法冲突所以用不了。
一种解决办法是修改快捷键：在菜单“Options”的选项“Keys”中找到“force-open-completions”，修改之（我发现不能修改为Tab按键）。
另外一种简单的解决办法就是在代码文件前面加上如下代码，加了之后Tab按键就能用于代码补全了，加上原先的Alt+/能够用于自动完成，所以写起代码来特别方便。
import rlcompleter, readline
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
注意代码补全时space为选定，而不是Enter！
（3）其他常用按键：
ALT+P：对历史命令进行上翻页（history-previous）
ALT+N：对历史命令进行下翻页（history-next）
Ctrl+C：中断执行（interrupt-execution）
Tab：智能缩进（smart-indent）
Ctrl+]：整体增加缩进（indent-region）
Ctrl+[：整体减少缩进（dedent-region）
Alt+3：整体加注释（comment-region）
Alt+4：整体去注释（uncomment-region）
3、调试
（1）在“Python Shell”窗口中单击“Debug”菜单中的“Debugger”菜单项，就可以启动IDLE的交互式调试器。这时IDLE会打开“Debug Control”窗口，并在“Python Shell”窗口中输出“[DEBUG ON]”并后跟一个“>>>”提示符。
（2）按F5执行python代码，此时我们可以在“Debug Control”窗口查看局部变量和全局变量等有关内容；同时也
可以在“Python Shell”窗口中输入命令（等于在调试器中执行）。
（3）“Debug Control”窗口上面的调试按键和VS差不多：Go-继续执行完，Step-步入，Over-步过，Out-跳出，Quit-退出调试。
（4）如果要退出调试器，可以再次单击“Debug”菜单中的“Debugger”菜单项，IDLE会关闭“Debug Control”窗口，并在“Python Shell”窗口中输出“[DEBUG OFF]”。