不管你是新手还是老鸟,在程序中读取资源文件总会遇到一些找不到文件的问题,这与Java底层的实现有关,不能算bug,只要方法得当,问题还是可以解决的。
项目的文件夹结构:
repathtest
├─src
│ └─com
│ └─lavasoft
│ ├─test
│ └─res
├─doc
1、在Java开发工具的project中使用相对路径
在project中,相对路径的根目录是project的根文件夹,在此就是repathtest文件夹了。
创建文件的写法是:
File f = new File("src/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt");
File f = new File("doc/b.txt");
注意:
路径不以“/”开头;
脱离了IDE环境,这个写法就是错误的,也并非每个IDE都如此,但我见到的都是这样的。
2、通过CLASSPATH读取包内文件
读取包内文件,使用的路径一定是相对的classpath路径,比如a,位于包内,此时可以创建读取a的字节流:
InputStream in = ReadFile.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt");
有了字节流,就能读取到文件内容了。
注意:
这里必须以“/”开头;
3、看看完整的测试代码
- package com.lavasoft.test;
- import java.io.*;
-
-
-
-
-
- public class ReadFile {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- readTextA_ByClassPath();
- readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath();
- readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath();
- }
-
-
-
- public static void readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath() {
- System.out.println("-----------------readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------");
- File f = new File("src/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt");
- String a = file2String(f, "GBK");
- System.out.println(a);
- }
-
-
-
- public static void readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath() {
- System.out.println("-----------------readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------");
- File f = new File("doc/b.txt");
- String b = file2String(f, "GBK");
- System.out.println(b);
- }
-
-
-
- public static void readTextA_ByClassPath() {
- System.out.println("-----------------readTextA_ByClassPath---------------------");
- InputStream in = ReadFile.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt");
- String a = stream2String(in, "GBK");
- System.out.println(a);
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public static String file2String(File f, String charset) {
- String result = null;
- try {
- result = stream2String(new FileInputStream(f), charset);
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return result;
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- public static String stream2String(InputStream in, String charset) {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- try {
- Reader r = new InputStreamReader(in, charset);
- int length = 0;
- for (char[] c = new char[1024]; (length = r.read(c)) != -1;) {
- sb.append(c, 0, length);
- }
- r.close();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
- }
(代码写得粗糙,异常没做认真处理)
运行结果:
-----------------readTextA_ByClassPath---------------------
aaaaaaaaa
sssssssss
-----------------readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------
aaaaaaaaa
sssssssss
-----------------readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------
bbbbbbbbbbb
Process finished with exit code 0