sql 作业
Use
Demo
go
create
proc
proc4
as
declare
@iSalary
int
set
@iSalary
=
(
select
Sum
(salary)
from
emp)
print
@iSalary
go
exec
proc4
create
proc
proc5(
@iSalary
int
output)
as
set
@iSalary
=
(
select
Sum
(salary)
from
emp)
print
@iSalary
go
declare
@sals
int
declare
@salsback
int
exec
proc5
@sals
output
set
@salsback
=
@sals
print
@salsback
insert
into
emp(userid,deptcode,salary)
values
(
'
ede
'
,
'
developer
'
,
'
100
'
)
select
*
from
emp
set
identity_insert
dbo.emp
off
select
@@identity
from
emp
insert
into
emp(userid,deptcode,salary)
values
(
'
w3q[=we3w
'
,
'
dev
'
,
'
22
'
)
select
@@identity
from
emp
alter
table
dbo.emp{
alter
colume}
select
*
from
dbo.emp
select
userid,deptcode,salary,test,indentity
from
dbo.emp
create
table
tab4( id
int
identity
(
1
,
1
)
primary
key
, code
uniqueidentifier
default
newid
(), name
varchar
(
50
))
insert
into
tab4(name)
values
(
'
mahui
'
)
select
*
from
tab4
where
id
=
'
mahui
'
select
coalesce
(
null
,
null
,
null
,
1
)
create
table
table1( a
int
, b
int
, c
int
, d
int
)
create
table
table2( a
int
, b
int
, c
int
, d
int
)
create
clustered
index
ix_a
on
dbo.table1(a)
create
index
ix_b
on
dbo.table1(b)
create
index
ix_c
on
dbo.table1(c)
create
index
ix_d
on
dbo.table1(d)
create
clustered
index
ix_a
on
dbo.table2(a)
create
index
ix_b
on
dbo.table2(b)
create
index
ix_c
on
dbo.table2(c)
create
index
ix_d
on
dbo.table2(d)
declare
@i
int
set
@i
=
0
while
(
@i
<
5
)
begin
insert
into
table1(a,b,c,d)
values
(
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
)
set
@i
=
@i
+
1
end
declare
@i
int
set
@i
=
0
while
(
@i
<
200000
)
begin
insert
into
table2(a,b,c,d)
values
(
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
)
set
@i
=
@i
+
1
end
select
a
from
table1
where
a
=
1
select
a
from
table2
where
a
=
1
select
a
from
table1
where
b
=
1
select
a
from
table2
where
b
=
1
select
b
from
table1
where
b
=
'
1
'
select
b
from
table2
where
b
=
'
1
'
select
b
from
table1
where
b
=
'
1
'
select
b
from
table2
where
b
=
'
1
'
select
a,b
from
table1
where
a
=
1
select
a,b
from
table2
where
a
=
1
select
a,b
from
table1
where
b
=
1
select
a,b
from
table2
where
b
=
1
select
a,b,c
from
table1
where
a
=
1
select
a,b,c
from
table2
where
a
=
1
select
a,b,c
from
table1
where
b
=
1
select
a,b,c
from
table2
where
b
=
1
select
b,c
from
table1
where
b
=
1
select
b,c
from
table2
where
b
=
1
select
b,c
from
table1
where
a
=
1
select
b,c
from
table2
where
a
=
1
SELECT
datepart
(YY,
GetDate
())
SELECT
datepart
(DD,
GetDate
())
SELECT
datepart
(MM,
GetDate
())
SELECT
datepart
(SS,
GetDate
())
SELECT
datepart
(Minute,
GetDate
())
select
EmployeeID,
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
into
#
temp
from
(
select
EmployeeID,
year
(OrderDate)
as
Freight_year ,Freight
from
Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader)
as
iipivot(
sum
(Freight)
for
Freight_year
in
(
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
))
as
sa
select
*
from
(
select
*
from
#
temp
)
as
oounpivot( Freight
for
Freight_year
in
(
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
))
as
dd
select
*
from
Employee
--
取不到数据
select
*
from
Employee
with
(nolock)
--
取到数据
select
*
from
Employee
with
(readpast)
--
取到数据
update
Employee
set
Salary
=
900
EXEC
sp_attach_db
@dbname
=
N
'
pubs
'
,
@filename1
=
N
'
E:datamssql2005pubs.mdf
'
,
@filename2
=
N
'
E:datamssql2005pubs_log.ldf
'
;sp_dbcmptlevel pubs,
90
insert
into
dbo.Contact(id,name,university,major)
values
(
100
,
'
sda
'
,
'
bb
'
,
'
cc
'
)
drop
proc
InputForText
Create
proc
InputForText(
@input
int
)
as
declare
@buffer
varchar
(
50
)
set
@buffer
=
convert
(
varchar
(
50
),
@input
)
--
------------------转换为字符串
--
------------------------------------------------------------上面的先放着，用来处理数字输入
Create
table
NumberToChar
--
----------------------------------用来保存数字和字母之间映射的表
(
number
int
, GetText
varchar
(
10
))
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
2
,
'
a
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
2
,
'
b
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
2
,
'
c
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
3
,
'
d
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
3
,
'
e
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
3
,
'
f
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
4
,
'
g
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
4
,
'
h
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
4
,
'
i
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
5
,
'
j
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
5
,
'
k
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
5
,
'
l
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
6
,
'
m
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
6
,
'
n
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
6
,
'
o
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
7
,
'
p
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
7
,
'
q
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
7
,
'
r
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
7
,
'
s
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
8
,
'
t
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
8
,
'
u
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
8
,
'
v
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
9
,
'
w
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
9
,
'
x
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
9
,
'
y
'
)
insert
into
NumberToChar(
number
,GetText)
values
(
9
,
'
z
'
)
select
*
from
NumberToChar
drop
function
Get_StrArrayLength
CREATE
function
Get_StrArrayLength(
@str
varchar
(
1024
),
--
要分割的字符串
@split
varchar
(
10
)
--
分隔符号
)
returns
int
as
begin
declare
@location
int
declare
@start
int
declare
@length
int
set
@str
=
ltrim
(
rtrim
(
@str
))
set
@location
=
charindex
(
@split
,
@str
)
set
@length
=
1
while
@location
<>
0
begin
set
@start
=
@location
+
1
set
@location
=
charindex
(
@split
,
@str
,
@start
)
set
@length
=
@length
+
1
end
return
@length
end
drop
function
Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex
CREATE
function
Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(
@str
varchar
(
1024
),
--
要分割的字符串
@split
varchar
(
10
),
--
分隔符号
@index
int
--
----------取第几个元素
)
returns
varchar
(
1024
)
as
begin
declare
@location
int
declare
@start
int
declare
@next
int
declare
@seed
int
set
@str
=
ltrim
(
rtrim
(
@str
))
set
@start
=
1
set
@next
=
1
set
@seed
=
len
(
@split
)
set
@location
=
charindex
(
@split
,
@str
)
while
@location
<>
0
and
@index
>
@next
begin
set
@start
=
@location
+
@seed
set
@location
=
charindex
(
@split
,
@str
,
@start
)
set
@next
=
@next
+
1
end
if
@location
=
0
select
@location
=
len
(
@str
)
+
1
return
substring
(
@str
,
@start
,
@location
-
@start
)
end
--
--假设分割符号为，
drop
proc
InputForText
Create
proc
InputForText(
@input
varchar
(
50
))
as
/**/
/*下面的几个表用来存储一些临时记录
*/
Create
table
#WordsStore( id
int
identity
, WordPicker
varchar
(
50
))
Create
table
#WordsOutput( id
int
identity
, WordPicker
varchar
(
50
))
Create
table
#WordsInput( id
int
identity
, WordPicker
varchar
(
50
))
Create
table
#WordsTemp( id
int
identity
, WordPicker
varchar
(
50
), WordPicker2
varchar
(
50
))
/**/
/*把输入的数字序列转换为字母组合，存放在临时表#WordsStore中*/
declare
@CharGet
varchar
(
10
)
--
CharGet依次返回输入的数字
declare
@CharBuffer
varchar
(
100
)
declare
@Next
int
--
用来在遍历数字中做指针
declare
@Seacher
int
set
@Next
=
1
set
@CharBuffer
=
''
--
初始值为空
while
@Next
<=
dbo.Get_StrArrayLength(
@input
,
'
,
'
)
begin
Set
@CharGet
=
dbo.Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(
@input
,
'
,
'
,
@Next
)
set
@Next
=
@Next
+
1
declare
@IsExist
int
set
@IsExist
=
0
set
@IsExist
=
(
select
count
(
*
)
from
#WordsStore)
if
@IsExist
=
0
begin
insert
into
#WordsStore
Select
GetText
from
dbo.NumberToChar
where
number
=
@CharGet
end
else
begin
insert
into
#WordsInput
Select
GetText
from
dbo.NumberToChar
where
number
=
@CharGet
insert
into
#WordsTemp
select
#WordsStore.WordPicker,#WordsInput.WordPicker
from
#WordsStore
join
#WordsInput
on
1
=
1
declare
@Col1
varchar
(
50
)
declare
@Col2
varchar
(
50
)
declare
@total
varchar
(
50
)
delete
from
#WordsStore
Declare
JoinCols
Cursor
for
select
WordPicker,WordPicker2
from
#WordsTemp
open
JoinCols
Fetch
JoinCols
into
@Col1
,
@Col2
while
@@Fetch_Status
=
0
begin
Fetch
JoinCols
into
@Col1
,
@Col2
set
@total
=
@Col1
+
@Col2
insert
into
#WordsStore(WordPicker)
values
(
@total
)
end
close
JoinCols
Deallocate
JoinCols
delete
from
#WordsInput
delete
from
#WordsTemp
end
end
--
------------------------ 到这里为止，完成的功能是把输入的拼音保留在#WordsStore中
Create
Table
#RestoreResult (
--
----------------------- 该临时表用来存放最后搜索到的能匹配的人名记录
id
int
, name
varchar
(
20
), university
varchar
(
50
), major
varchar
(
50
))
Declare
@StartPY
varchar
(
50
)
Declare
@SeachName
varchar
(
50
)
Declare
PingYing
Cursor
for
select
distinct
WordPicker
from
#WordsStore
open
PingYing
Fetch
PingYing
into
@StartPY
while
@@Fetch_Status
=
0
begin
--
--------------------遍历拼音的组合
Declare
@WordToChoose
varchar
(
1024
)
Declare
SeachWord
Cursor
for
select
words
from
dbo.Dictionary
where
py
like
@StartPY
+
'
%
'
open
SeachWord
Fetch
SeachWord
into
@WordToChoose
while
@@Fetch_Status
=
0
begin
--
---------------查询匹配拼音的汉字
declare
@Point
int
set
@Point
=
1
while
@Point
<=
Len
(
@WordToChoose
)
begin
--
-----------查询匹配汉字的人名
set
@SeachName
=
SubString
(
@WordToChoose
,
@Point
,
1
)
insert
into
#RestoreResult
select
*
from
dbo.Contact
where
name
like
'
%
'
+
@SeachName
+
'
%
'
set
@Point
=
@Point
+
1
end
Fetch
SeachWord
into
@WordToChoose
end
close
SeachWord
Deallocate
SeachWord
Fetch
PingYing
into
@StartPY
end
close
PingYing
Deallocate
PingYing
--
----------------------匹配的记录保存在#RestoreResult中
select
*
from
#RestoreResult
print
@buffer
exec
InputForText
'
4,8,4
'
select
*
from
dbo.Dictionary
select
*
from
dbo.Contact
select
*
from
NumberToChar
select
*
from
#WordsInput
Declare
@OutName
varchar
(
20
)
set
@OutName
=
'
辉
'
select
*
from
dbo.Contact
where
name
like
'
%
'
+
@OutName
+
'
%
'
sp_lock
52
select
@@spid
select
db_name
(
11
)sp_helpdb
select
object_name
(
2073058421
)
select
db_id
(
'
Trans
'
)
select
object_id
(
'
NonPrimaryKey
'
)
1
:
120
:
0
第一个文件第120页第0行
select
*
from
sys.database_files在数据库的views里的system views里的metadata很有用如果该行有聚集索引,则上一个索引的行索
select
@@Trancount
sp_lock
52
select
@@spid
sp_help
'
Trans
'
sp_help NonPrimaryKey
select
object_name
(
2105058535
)
Create
DataBase
Trans
use
Trans
create
table
NonPrimaryKey( UserID
varchar
(
50
), Salary
int
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
mahui
'
,
'
20
'
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
Qiuwh
'
,
'
60
'
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
HuangH
'
,
'
80
'
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
HAHA
'
,
'
100
'
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
mahui
'
,
'
20
'
)
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
mahui
'
,
'
20
'
)
Begin
Tran
Update
NonPrimaryKey
Set
Salary
=
200
where
UserID
=
'
Qiuwh
'
update
NonPrimaryKey
Set
UserID
=
'
haha
'
where
Salary
=
'
100
'
select
@@spid
rollback
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(
holdlock
)事务结束后释放锁
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(Repeatableread,paglock)跟holdlock是一样的
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(Repeatableread,paglock)paglock可以指定锁的颗粒
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(nolock)
/
with
(ReadUnCommited)不加任何锁
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(readpast)上共享锁，但是跳过排他锁，不读取未提交数据
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(nowait)碰到排他锁就抛异常
set
lock_timeout
3000
DBCC
UserOptions
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
begin
tran
alter
table
NonPrimaryKey
add
test
varchar
(
20
)
rollback
select
@@trancount
rollback
begin
tran
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
with
(
holdlock
)
set
transaction
isolation
level
read
uncommitted
set
transaction
isolation
level
read
committed
set
transaction
isolation
level
repeatable
read
set
transaction
isolation
level
Serializable
set
transaction
isolation
level
Snapshot
//
2005新特性sp_help NonPrimaryKey
select
*
from
NonPrimaryKey
Begin
Tran
set
transaction
isolation
level
read
uncommitted
update
NonPrimaryKey
set
UserID
=
'
yujia
'
where
Salary
=
'
20
'
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
YULA
'
,
'
120
'
)
Rollback
Begin
Tran
set
transaction
isolation
level
read
committed
update
NonPrimaryKey
set
UserID
=
'
yujia
'
where
Salary
=
'
20
'
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
YULA
'
,
'
120
'
)
Rollback
Begin
Tran
set
transaction
isolation
level
repeatable
read
update
NonPrimaryKey
set
UserID
=
'
yujia
'
where
Salary
=
'
20
'
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
YULA
'
,
'
120
'
)
Rollback
Begin
Tran
set
transaction
isolation
level
Serializable
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
HAHA
'
,
'
120
'
)
update
NonPrimaryKey
set
UserID
=
'
YULA
'
where
Salary
=
'
20
'
Rollback
Begin
Tran
set
transaction
isolation
level
Snapshot
insert
into
NonPrimaryKey
values
(
'
HAHA
'
,
'
120
'
)
update
NonPrimaryKey
set
UserID
=
'
YULA
'
where
Salary
=
'
20
'
Rollback
--
dead lock
create
table
t1( id
int
primary
key
, val
varchar
(
20
)
not
null
)
create
table
t2( id
int
primary
key
, val
varchar
(
20
)
not
null
)
insert
into
t1
values
(
1
,
'
11111
'
)
insert
into
t2
values
(
2
,
'
11111
'
)
--
session 1
begin
tran
update
t1
set
val
=
'
new value
'
where
id
=
1
--
t１时刻
update
t2
set
val
=
'
new value
'
where
id
=
2
--
t３时刻
commit
--
session 2
begin
tran
update
t2
set
val
=
'
new value
'
where
id
=
1
--
t２时刻
update
t1
set
val
=
'
new value
'
where
id
=
1
--
t４时刻
commit
DbCC
UserOptions
select
*
from
t2sp_lockxact_state()
=
-
1表示事务是活动的，但是出现了严重的错误xact_state()
=
１表示事务是活动的，并且事务可以被commit,即使出现了一些错误xact_state()
=
０表示事没有活动的用begin try
end
try
begin
catch
end
catch来保证运行正确，不会出现xact_state()
=
１中可能出现的出现了部分错误结果还是能提交的问题
--
---------------------------------------------------Day3-----------------------------------------------------------
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
create
table
EmpSalary( UserID
varchar
(
50
)
primary
key
, DeptCode
varchar
(
50
)
not
null
, Salary
float
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
chenb
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
300
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
lizm
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
200
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
weisg
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
null
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
qiuwh
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
zhumd
'
,
'
rd
'
,
200
);
insert
into
EmpSalary
values
(
'
yuanlh
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
);
select
*
from
EmpSalary
select
avg
(
distinct
isnull
(salary,
0
))
from
EmpSalary
select
count
(
distinct
Salary)
from
EmpSalary
select
*
from
empsalary
update
empsalary
set
salary
=
-
100
where
userid
=
'
chenb
'
select
salary
from
empsalary
select
abs
(salary)
from
empsalary
select
count
(
distinct
abs
(salary))
from
empsalary
select
avg
(
isnull
(salary,
50
))
from
EmpSalary
select
sin
(
pi
()
/
6
)
drop
table
ProductSale;
create
table
ProductSale( id
int
identity
primary
key
, Product
varchar
(
50
), SaleMonth
int
, Sale
int
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Book
'
,
1
,
140
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Book
'
,
2
,
220
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Book
'
,
3
,
360
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Book
'
,
4
,
240
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Toy
'
,
1
,
220
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Toy
'
,
2
,
310
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Toy
'
,
3
,
120
);
insert
into
ProductSale
values
(
'
Toy
'
,
4
,
220
);
--
-------------------------------------------
insert
into
ProductSale
Values
(
null
,
1
,
0
);
insert
into
ProductSale
Values
(
null
,
2
,
0
);
insert
into
ProductSale
Values
(
null
,
3
,
0
);
insert
into
ProductSale
Values
(
null
,
4
,
0
);
select
*
from
ProductSale
select
DeptCode,
sum
(salary)
as
total
from
EmpSalary
group
by
deptcode
select
DeptCode,
Sum
()
select
product,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
product
order
by
product
select
salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth
order
by
salemonth
select
*
from
productsale
select
count
(
distinct
(sale))
from
productsale
select
product,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
,id
from
productsale
group
by
product,salemonth,id
with
rollup
order
by
product,salemonth
select
product,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
product,salemonth
with
rollup
order
by
product,salemonth
select
product,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
with
rollup
order
by
product,salemonth
select
product,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
,id
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product,id
with
rollup
order
by
product,salemonth
select
product,salemonth ,id,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product,id
with
cube
order
by
product,salemonth,id
select
product,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
with
cube
order
by
product,salemonth
select
*
from
empsalary
group
by
deptcode
having
salary
>
100
select
product
=
case
when
(product
is
null
)
and
(
grouping
(product)
=
1
)
and
(salemonth
is
not
null
)
then
'
xiaoji
'
when
(product
is
null
)
and
(
grouping
(product)
=
1
)
and
(salemonth
is
null
)
and
(
grouping
(salemonth)
=
1
)
then
'
zongji
'
else
product
end
,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
,
grouping
(product),
grouping
(salemonth)
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
with
rollup
order
by
salemonth,product
select
isnull
(product,
0
) product
=
case
when
(product
is
null
)
and
(salemonth
is
not
null
)
then
'
xiaoji
'
when
(product
is
null
)
and
(salemonth
is
null
)
then
'
zongji
'
else
product
end
,salemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
,
grouping
(product),
grouping
(salemonth)
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
with
rollup
order
by
salemonth,product
select
isnull
(product,
0
)
as
productsalemonth,
sum
(sale)
as
'
sale
'
,
grouping
(product),
grouping
(salemonth)
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
with
rollup
order
by
salemonth,product
select
*
from
productsale
order
by
product,salemonth
desc
compute
sum
(sale)
by
product,salemonth
select
*
from
productsale
select
product ,sale, rank()
over
(partition
by
product
order
by
sale )
as
'
rank
'
from
productsale
select
product ,sale, dense_rank()
over
(partition
by
product
order
by
sale )
as
'
denserank
'
from
productsale
select
product ,sale, row_number()
over
(partition
by
product
order
by
sale )
as
'
denserank
'
from
productsale
select
product ,sale, ntile(
2
)
over
(partition
by
product
order
by
sale )
as
'
denserank
'
from
productsale
select
product ,sale, denserank()
over
(partition
by
product
order
by
sale )
as
'
denserank
'
from
productsale
delete
from
productsale
where
product
is
null
select
product,
[
1
]
as
'
1
'
,
[
2
]
as
'
2
'
,
[
3
]
as
'
3
'
,
[
4
]
as
'
4
'
from
(
select
product,salemonth,sale
from
productsale)
as
pspivot(
sum
(sale)
for
salemonth
in
(
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
))
as
pvt
select
*
from
productsale
select
id, salemonth,book,toy
from
(
select
id, product,salemonth,sale
from
productsale)
as
pspivot(
sum
(sale)
for
product
in
(book,toy))
as
pvt
select
*
from
productsale
group
by
salemonth,product
select
product,
[
1
]
as
'
1
'
,
[
2
]
as
'
2
'
,
[
3
]
as
'
3
'
,
[
4
]
as
'
4
'
from
(
select
product,salemonth,sale
from
productsale)
as
pspivot(
sum
(sale)
for
salemonth
in
(
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
))
as
pvt
select
*
from
(
select
product,
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
from
#
temp
)
as
tpunpivot( sale
for
salemonth
in
(
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
))
as
pvt
select
EmployeeID,
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
into
#
temp
from
(
select
EmployeeID,
year
(OrderDate)
as
Freight_year ,Freight
from
Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader)
as
iipivot(
sum
(Freight)
for
Freight_year
in
(
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
))
as
sa
select
*
from
(
select
*
from
#
temp
)
as
oounpivot( Freight
for
Freight_year
in
(
[
2001
]
,
[
2002
]
,
[
2003
]
,
[
2004
]
))
as
dd
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
-----------------------------------Day4-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
使用连接
create
Database
demo
use
demo
create
table
Employee( UserID
varchar
(
50
)
primary
key
, DeptCode
varchar
(
50
), Salary
int
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
qiuwh
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
yuanlh
'
,
'
rd
'
,
200
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
liying
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
300
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
chenb
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
100
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
wuyang
'
,
'
dev2
'
,
300
);
insert
into
Employee
values
(
'
longj
'
,
'
dev2
'
,
200
);
create
table
Dept( DeptCode
varchar
(
50
)
primary
key
, DeptName
varchar
(
50
));
insert
into
Dept
values
(
'
rd
'
,
'
研发中心
'
);
insert
into
Dept
values
(
'
dev1
'
,
'
开发一部
'
);
insert
into
Dept
values
(
'
mgrcenter
'
,
'
管理中心
'
);
--
---使用CROSS JOIN生成测试数据
CREATE
TABLE
FirstName (firstname
nvarchar
(
50
)
not
null
)
CREATE
TABLE
MiddleName (middlename
nvarchar
(
50
)
not
null
)
CREATE
TABLE
LastName (lastname
nvarchar
(
50
)
not
null
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Jack
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Jill
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Tom
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Dick
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Harry
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Robert
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Peter
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
David
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Susan
'
)
INSERT
into
FirstName
values
(
'
Mary
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
A
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
B
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
C
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
D
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
E
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
F
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
G
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
H
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
I
'
)
INSERT
into
MiddleName
values
(
'
J
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Smith
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Lamb
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Ron
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Peterson
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Paul
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Black
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Brown
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Adams
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Diaz
'
)
INSERT
into
LastName
values
(
'
Hall
'
)
--
-----使用UNION
use
demo
create
table
A ( val
int
);
create
table
B ( val
int
);
insert
into
A
values
(
1
);
insert
into
A
values
(
2
);
insert
into
A
values
(
2
);
insert
into
A
values
(
3
);
insert
into
A
values
(
4
);
insert
into
B
values
(
2
);
insert
into
B
values
(
4
);
insert
into
B
values
(
6
);
insert
into
B
values
(
6
);
insert
into
B
values
(
7
);
select
*
from
Employee
select
*
from
Dept
--
------------------inner join------------------------
select
*
from
Employee e
inner
join
Dept d
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
select
*
from
Employee e
join
Dept d
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
select
*
from
Employee e , Dept d
where
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
--
--------------left join----------------------------
select
*
from
Employee e
left
join
Dept d
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
--
--------------right join----------------------------
select
*
from
Employee e
right
join
Dept d
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
--
ｌｅｆｔ ｊｏｉｎ ｅｑｕａｌ ｔｏ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｊｏｉｎ
select
e.userId,e.deptcode,e.salary,d.deptcode,d.deptname
from
Dept d
right
join
Employee e
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
except
--
--------what's union?
select
e.userId,e.deptcode,e.salary,d.deptcode,d.deptname
from
Employee e
left
join
Dept d
on
e.DeptCode
=
d.deptcode
--
-------------------cross join-----------------------
select
*
from
FirstName
cross
join
Middlename
cross
join
lastname
--
---------------------------Multitable join---------------
use
AdventureWorks
select
*
from
Purchasing.Vendor v
inner
join
Purchasing.ProductVendor pv
on
v. VendorID
=
pv. VendorID
inner
join
Production.Product p
on
p.ProductID
=
pv.ProductID
--
-------------------join self----------------------------------
select
e.EmployeeID,e.LoginID,e.ManagerID,f.LoginID
from
HumanResources.Employee e
left
join
HumanResources.Employee f
on
e.ManagerID
=
f.EmployeeID
select
e.ProductID,e.ListPrice,f.ProductID,f.ListPrice
from
Production.Product e
join
Production.Product f
on
e.ListPrice
<
f.ListPrice
order
by
e.ProductID
select
a,
count
(c)
from
(
select
e.ProductID a,e.ListPrice b ,f.ProductID c ,f.ListPrice d
from
Production.Product e
join
Production.Product f
on
e.ListPrice
<
f.ListPrice)
as
haha
group
by
a
--
-------------------union ----------------------------------------
--
---------可以用group by在子句里，但是不能用order bY 在子句里
--
--------order by 只能在所有子句的外面最后使用
use
Demo
drop
table
A,B
select
*
from
A
union
select
*
from
B
select
*
from
A
union
all
select
*
from
B
select
*
from
A
union
all
select
*
from
B
order
by
val
select
*
from
A
except
select
*
from
B
order
by
val
select
*
from
A
intersect
select
*
from
B
order
by
val
select
top
2
*
from
Employee
select
top
10
percent
*
from
Employee
declare
@i
int
set
@i
=
50
select
top
(
@i
)
percent
*
from
Employee
select
[
Name
]
from
Production.Product
where
ListPrice
>
(
select
avg
( ListPrice)
from
Production.Product )
select
*
from
Production.Product prod
where
ProductModelID
in
(
select
ProductModelID
from
Production.ProductModel
where
Name
like
'
Road%
'
)
select
tmp.Name,prod.ProductID
from
Production.Product prod, (
select
ProductModelID,Name
from
Production.ProductModel
where
Name
like
'
Road%
'
) tmp
where
tmp.ProductModelID
=
prod.ProductModelID
except
select
tmp.Name,prod.ProductID
from
Production.Product prod
join
Production.ProductModel tmp
on
tmp.ProductModelID
=
prod.ProductModelID
and
tmp.Name
like
'
Road%
'
-
--
-----all
--
--------some|any
--
-----------------不允许在子查询中使用order by子句，但是，如果top子句被指定的话，这是可以使用order by 子句的
select
*
from
Production.Product
Where
ProductModelID
in
(
select
top
10
ProductModelID
from
Production.ProductModel
where
Name
like
'
Road%
'
order
by
ProductModelID)
--
--------------------不允许在子查询中使用Computer子句
--
--------------------text ,ntext ,image 大对象是不能放进子查询里的
--
on same Table
select
distinct
ProductID,OrderQty
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
as
sod_outer
where
OrderQty
=
(
select
Max
(OrderQty)
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
as
sod_inner
where
sod_outer.ProductID
=
sod_inner.ProductID )
--
except
select
ProductID,
Max
(OrderQty)
as
OrderQty
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
group
by
ProductID
select
distinct
ProductID,
Max
(OrderQty)
as
OrderQty
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
group
by
ProductID
select
SalesOrderID,ProductID,OrderQty
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
as
sod_outer
where
OrderQty
>=
(
select
avg
(OrderQty)
*
10
from
Sales.SalesOrderDetail
as
sod_inner
where
sod_outer.ProductID
=
sod_inner.ProductID )
--
--difference table
select
*
from
Sales.SalesPerson
select
*
from
Sales.SalesOrderHeader
select
ss_outer.SalesPersonID
from
Sales.SalesPerson
as
ss_outer
where
2000
<=
(
select
ss_outer.CommissionPct
*
ss_inner.TotalDue)
from
Sales.SalesOrderHeader
as
ss_inner
where
ss_outer.SalesPersonID
=
ss_inner.SalesPersonID )
select
ss_outer.SalesPersonID
from
Sales.SalesPerson
as
ss_outer
where
2000
<=
(
select
max
(ss_inner.TotalDue)
*
ss_outer.CommissionPct
from
Sales.SalesOrderHeader
as
ss_inner
where
ss_outer.SalesPersonID
=
ss_inner.SalesPersonID )
order
by
ss_outer.SalesPersonID
select
SalesPersonID
from
Sales.SalesPerson
group
by
SalesPersonID
having
SalesPersonID
=
288
select
*
from
Production.Product
select
*
from
Production.ProductInventory
--
--在exists后面可以直接用＊来代替列名是可以的，因为它并不真的取值出来
select
distinct
ProductID,Name
from
Production.Product pr
where
exists
(
select
*
from
Production.ProductInventory inv
where
pr.ProductID
=
inv.ProductID
and
Quantity
>
500
)
except
select
pr.ProductID,pr.Name
from
Production.Product pr
join
Production.ProductInventory inv
on
pr.ProductID
=
inv.ProductID
and
Quantity
>
500
select
*
from
Production.Product
where
ProductModelID
in
(
select
ProductModelID
from
Production.ProductModel
where
Name
like
'
Road%
'
)
except
select
*
from
Production.Product pp
where
Exists
(
select
ProductModelID
from
Production.ProductModel ppm
where
ppm.Name
like
'
Road%
'
and
pp.ProductModelID
=
ppm.ProductModelID )
with
TopSales(SalespersonID,NumSales)
as
(
select
SalesPersonID,
Count
(
*
)
from
Sales.SalesOrderHeader
Group
BY
SalesPersonID)
select
top
(
5
)
*
from
TopSales
where
SalespersonID
is
not
null
order
by
NumSales
desc
use
demo
with
Emp
as
(
select
*
from
Employee
where
deptCode
=
'
rd
'
),Dep
as
(
select
*
from
Dept)
select
*
from
Emp,Dep
where
Emp.DeptCode
=
dep.DeptCode]]]first test
with
Managers
as
(
select
EmployeeID,LoginID,Title,ManagerID
From
HumanResources.Employee
where
EmployeeID
=
107
union
all
Select
e.EmployeeID,e.LoginID,e.Title,e.ManagerID
From
HumanResources.Employee e
inner
join
Managers mgr
on
e.EmployeeID
=
mgr.ManagerID)
select
*
From
Managers
option
(maxrecursion
2
)
USE
[
Demo
]
GO
/**/
/****** Object: Table [dbo].[EmpSalary] Script Date: 07/19/2006 10:17:47 ******/
SET
ANSI_NULLS
ON
GO
SET
QUOTED_IDENTIFIER
ON
GO
SET
ANSI_PADDING
ON
GO
CREATE
TABLE
[
dbo
]
.
[
EmpSalary
]
(
[
UserID
]
[
varchar
]
(
50
) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS
NOT
NULL
,
[
DeptCode
]
[
varchar
]
(
50
) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS
NOT
NULL
,
[
Salary
]
[
float
]
NULL
,
PRIMARY
KEY
CLUSTERED
(
[
UserID
]
ASC
)
WITH
(IGNORE_DUP_KEY
=
OFF
)
ON
[
PRIMARY
]
)
ON
[
PRIMARY
]
GO
SET
ANSI_PADDING
OFF
---------------------
day
5
------------------------------------------------
begin tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test1
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test2
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
)rollback tran MyTrancommit tran MyTranexec SP_LOCKselect
*
from Employee
--
在另一个会话中取不到数据select
*
from Employee with(nolock)
--
取到数据，包括未提交的已被修改的数据，因此该数据可能为脏select
*
from Employee with(readpast)
--
取到数据，但是不包括未提交的数据
---
演示如何使用save tranbegin tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test4
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) save tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test5
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
)rollback tran MyTran
-------------
第一次回滚倒最近记录点rollback tran MyTran
-------------
第二次回滚也是滚到最近记录点（本例子只能一个记录点 所以回滚到开头）commit tran MyTranbegin tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test4
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) save tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test5
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) save tran MyTran insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test3
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
)rollback tran MyTran
-------------
第一次回滚倒最近记录点rollback tran MyTran
-------------
第二次回滚也是滚到最近记录点（本例子只能一个记录点 所以回滚到开头）rollback tran MyTrancommit tran MyTrandelete from Employee
where
UserID
in
(
'
test1
'
,
'
test4
'
,
'
test2
'
,
'
test5
'
,
'
test3
'
)select @@trancount
----------
事务的嵌套层数
----------------------
演示嵌套事务begin tran MyTran_outselect @@trancountinsert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test4
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) select @@trancount begin tran MyTran_Inner select @@trancount insert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)Values(
'
test5
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
) select @@trancount commit tran MyTran_inner select @@trancountrollback transelect @@trancount
--
外层回滚，全部回滚，而且不能单独回滚内部事务
---
commit tran MyTran
--
名字将被忽略rollback tran MyTran_out
---
可以证明：事务回滚是先回到记录点
---------------
插入一行记录到表中select
*
from Employeebegin traninsert into Employee (UserID,DeptCode,Salary)output Inserted.UserID,Inserted.DeptCode,Inserted.SalaryValues(
'
test2
'
,
'
rd
'
,
100
)rollback trandelete from Employee
where
UserID
=
'
test2
'
--
select into 会创建一个新的表，如果该表已存在，会抱错 select UserID,DeptCode,Salary into #temp from Employeeselect
*
from #temp
----------
insert into
/
output into 不会创建新表，而是使用已经存在的表insert into #tempselect UserID ,DeptCode,SalaryFrom Employeeselect
*
from #tempdrop table #tempcreate Proc sp_get
as
select UserID,DeptCode,SalaryFrom Employeeinsert into #tempexec sp_getcreate table Demo1( id
int
identity(
1
,
1
) primary key, val
int
, result
as
(abs(val)))insert into Demo1output Inserted.id,Inserted.val,Inserted.resultvalues(
-
23
)
--------------
output 可以用来返回由数据库自己维护的字段的值，该值并不由应用程序维护，所以最好在output中输出insert into Demo1output Inserted.id,Inserted.val,Inserted.resultselect
*
from(select
20
as
val union select
30
as
result)exec sp_lock
------------
delete 会做日志，而Truncate不会，因而比较快 select
*
from Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistoryselect
*
from Sales.SalesPersonBegin Trandelete Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistoryfrom Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory
-----------
attention:如果删除的时候涉及到连接多表，则必须先指定删除哪张表，可以是别名 join Sales.SalesPerson on Sales.SalesPersonQuotaHistory.SalesPersonID
=
Sales.SalesPerson.SalesPersonIDand Sales.SalesPerson.SalesYTD
>
2500000
rollback Tran
-----------------
update
---------------------------------
use Demoupdate Employee
set
Salary
=
200
,DeptCode
=
'
mgr
'
output Deleted.Salary,Inserted.Salary
where
UserID
=
'
qiuwh
'
select
*
from Production.Productselect
*
from Purchasing.ProductVendorBegin TranUpdate Production.Product
set
ListPrice
=
2
*
ListPrice,Name
=
'
BingoSoft
'
where
ProductID
in
(select ProductID from Purchasing.ProductVendor
where
VendorID
=
5
)rollback TranBegin TranUpdate Production.Product
set
ListPrice
=
2
*
ListPrice from Production.Product join Purchasing.ProductVendor PPV on PPV.ProductID
=
Production.Product .ProductID and PPV.VendorID
=
5
Rollback Tran 怎样修改表？！！！！！！！！！！！！！！Log表？类别（修改)Create Table Mahui( ID
int
identity not
null
, Salary
int
Null)insert into Mahui values(
1
)insert into Mahui values(
2
)insert into Mahui values(
3
)insert into Mahui values(
null
)insert into Mahui values(
null
)insert into Mahui values(
null
)select
*
from Mahuiselect Sum(Salary) from Mahui Drop table LogEmployeeCreate Table LogEmployee( Opration varchar(
20
) not
null
, Description Varchar(
100
), OccurTime DateTime,)drop Trigger Trg_Insert_EmployeeCreate Trigger Trg_Insert_Employeeon dbo.Employee
for
insert
as
declare @Descrip varchar(
50
)declare @UserID varchar (
50
)declare @DeptCode varchar (
50
)declare @Salary
int
declare @Sa varchar (
20
)
set
@UserID
=
(select Inserted.UserID from inserted)
set
@DeptCode
=
(select Inserted.DeptCode from inserted)
set
@Salary
=
(select Inserted.Salary from inserted)
set
@Sa
=
Convert(varchar(
20
),@Salary)
set
@Descrip
=
'
UserID:
'
+
@UserID
+
'
;
''
Deptcode:
'
+
@DeptCode
+
'
;
'
+
'
Salary:
'
+
@Sainsert into LogEmployee(Opration,Description,OccurTime)values(
'
插入
'
,@Descrip,GetDate())drop Trigger Trg_Delete_EmployeeCreate Trigger Trg_Delete_Employeeon dbo.Employee
for
delete
as
declare @Descrip varchar(
50
)declare @UserID varchar (
50
)declare @DeptCode varchar (
50
)declare @Salary
int
declare @Sa varchar (
20
)
set
@UserID
=
(select deleted.UserID from deleted)
set
@DeptCode
=
(select deleted.DeptCode from deleted)
set
@Salary
=
(select deleted.Salary from deleted)
set
@Sa
=
Convert(varchar(
20
),@Salary)
set
@Descrip
=
'
UserID:
'
+
@UserID
+
'
;
'
+
'
Deptcode:
'
+
@DeptCode
+
'
;
'
+
'
Salary:
'
+
@Sainsert into LogEmployee(Opration,Description,OccurTime)values(
'
删除
'
,@Descrip,GetDate())drop Trigger Trg_Update_EmployeeCreate Trigger Trg_Update_Employeeon dbo.Employee
for
Update
as
declare @Descrip varchar(
50
)declare @UserIDOld varchar (
50
)declare @DeptCodeOld varchar (
50
)declare @SalaryOld
int
declare @SaOld varchar (
20
)
set
@UserIDOld
=
(select Inserted.UserID from inserted)
set
@DeptCodeOld
=
(select Inserted.DeptCode from inserted)
set
@SalaryOld
=
(select Inserted.Salary from inserted)
set
@SaOld
=
Convert(varchar(
20
),@SalaryOld)declare @UserIDNew varchar (
50
)declare @DeptCodeNew varchar (
50
)declare @SalaryNew
int
declare @SaNew varchar (
20
)
set
@UserIDNew
=
(select deleted.UserID from deleted)
set
@DeptCodeNew
=
(select deleted.DeptCode from deleted)
set
@SalaryNew
=
(select deleted.Salary from deleted)
set
@SaNew
=
Convert(varchar(
20
),@SalaryNew)
set
@Descrip
=
'
UserID:
'
+
@UserIDNew
+
'
-->
'
+
@UserIDOld
+
'
;
'
+
'
Deptcode:
'
+
@DeptCodeNew
+
'
-->
'
+
@DeptCodeOld
+
'
;
'
+
'
Salary:
'
+
@SaNew
+
'
-->
'
+
@SaOldinsert into LogEmployee(Opration,Description,OccurTime)values(
'
更新
'
,@Descrip,GetDate())select
*
from Employeeinsert into Employee(UserID,DeptCode,Salary)values(
'
11111
'
,
'
dev1
'
,
'
200
'
)update Employee
set
UserID
=
'
mimi
'
,DeptCode
=
'
dev1
'
,Salary
=
'
12
'
where
UserID
=
33333
select
*
from Employee
where
UserID
=
11111
delete from Employee
where
UserID
=
'
11111
'
select
*
from LogEmployeeCreate Trigger Trg_Insert_Update_Delete_Employeeon dbo.Employee
for
insert,update,delete
as
if
insert(Opration) Begin insert into MyLog(Opration,Description)(
'
插入
'
,inserted.UserID
+
inserted.Deptcode
+
inserted.Salary,GetDate()) End
if
Update(any) Begin insert into MyLog(Opration,NewValue1,NewValue2,NewValue3)(
'
修改
'
,deleted.UserID,inserted.UserID,deleted.Deptcode,inserted.Deptcode,deleted.Salary,inserted.Salary) End
if
Delete(Opration) Begin insert into MyLog(Opration,OldValue1,OldValue2,OldValue3)(
'
删除
'
,deleted.UserID,deleted.Deptcode,deleted.Salary) End