使用DBUnit实现对数据库的测试

这是一个JavaProject，有关DBUnit用法详见本文测试用例

首先是用到的实体类User.java

package com.jadyer.model;

public class User {
	private int id;
	private String username;
	private String password;
	/*-- 三个属性的setter和getter略 --*/
}

下面是数据库操作的UserDaoJdbc.java

package com.jadyer.dao.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import com.jadyer.model.User;
import com.jadyer.util.DBUtil;

public class UserDaoJdbc {
	public User load(String username){
		User user = new User();
		Connection conn = null;
		PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
			System.out.println("UserDao时获取到数据库连接-->" + conn);
			pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("select * from t_user where username=?");
			pstmt.setString(1, username);
			rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
			if(rs.next()){
				user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				user.setUsername(rs.getString("username"));
				user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
			}else{
				System.out.println("查此无果");
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("数据库查询时发生异常,堆栈轨迹如下");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			DBUtil.closeAll(rs, pstmt, conn);
		}
		return user;
	}
}

下面是用于获取数据库连接的工具类DBUtil.java

package com.jadyer.util;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DBUtil {
	private static Connection conn;
	private static String className = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
	private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jadyer?characterEncoding=UTF-8";
	private static String username = "root";
	private static String password = "hongyu";
	
	public static Connection getConnection(){
		try {
			Class.forName(className);
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("数据库驱动加载失败,堆栈轨迹如下");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			System.out.println("数据库连接创建失败,堆栈轨迹如下");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return conn;
	}
	
	public static void closeAll(ResultSet rs, PreparedStatement pstmt, Connection conn){
		if(null != rs){
			try {
				rs.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				System.out.println("数据库操作的ResultSet关闭失败,堆栈轨迹如下");
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		if(null != pstmt){
			try {
				pstmt.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				System.out.println("数据库操作的PreparedStatement关闭失败,堆栈轨迹如下");
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		close(conn);
	}
	
	public static void close(Connection conn){
		if(null != conn){
			try {
				conn.close();
				if(conn.isClosed()){
					System.out.println("此数据库连接已关闭-->" + conn);
				}else{
					System.out.println("此数据库连接关闭失败-->" + conn);
				}
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				System.out.println("数据库连接关闭失败,堆栈轨迹如下");
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

下面是DBUnit测试时用到的位于test SourceFolder目录下的t_user.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
	<!-- 根据表名编写节点标签,接下来构造数据就可以使用两种方式:子节点或属性 -->
	<!-- 
	<t_user>
		<id>2</id>
		<username>Jadyer</username>
		<password>hongyu</password>
	</t_user>
	 -->
	<t_user id="2" username="Jadyer" password="hongyu"/>
</dataset>

最后是包含了DBUnit简单用法的测试用例UserDaoTest.java

package com.jadyer.dao;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.dbunit.DatabaseUnitException;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlProducer;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;

import com.jadyer.dao.jdbc.UserDaoJdbc;
import com.jadyer.model.User;
import com.jadyer.util.DBUtil;

/**
 * DBUnit使用步骤
 * 0)下载地址为http://sourceforge.net/projects/dbunit/files/
 * 1)导入DBUnit所需两个jar文件(dbunit.jar和slf4j-api.jar)
 * 2)创建DBUnit用到的xml格式的测试数据,xml文件名建议与表名相同
 * 3)创建DBUnit的Connection和DataSet,然后开始进行各项测试工作
 * @create Jul 3, 2013 5:50:24 PM
 * @author 玄玉<http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer>
 */
public class UserDaoTest {
	private static Connection conn;
	private static IDatabaseConnection dbUnitConn;
	private static String DATA_BACKUP_FILE = "dataBackup_tuser.xml";
	
	@BeforeClass
	public static void globalInit() {
		conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
		System.out.println("DB-Unit时获取到数据库连接-->" + conn);
		try {
			//DBUnit中用来操作数据文件的Connection需依赖于数据库连接的Connection
			dbUnitConn = new DatabaseConnection(conn);
		} catch (DatabaseUnitException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@AfterClass
	public static void globalDestroy(){
		DBUtil.close(conn);
		if(null != dbUnitConn){
			try {
				dbUnitConn.close();
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
//	/**
//	 * 备份数据库中所有表的数据
//	 */
//	@Before
//	public void initAll() throws Exception {
//		//此时所创建的DataSet包含了数据库中所有表的数据
//		IDataSet dataSet = dbUnitConn.createDataSet();
//		//备份数据库中所有表的数据
//		FlatXmlDataSet.write(dataSet, new FileWriter("D:/dataBackupALL.xml"));
//	}
	
	/**
	 * 备份数据库中某一张或某几张表的数据
	 */
	@Before
	public void init() throws Exception {
		//通过QueryDataSet可以有效的选择要处理的表来作为DataSet
		QueryDataSet dataSet = new QueryDataSet(dbUnitConn);
		//这里指定只备份t_user表中的数据,如果想备份多个表,那就再addTable(tableName)即可
		dataSet.addTable("t_user");
		FlatXmlDataSet.write(dataSet, new FileWriter(DATA_BACKUP_FILE));
	}
	
	/**
	 * 还原表数据
	 */
	@After
	public void destroy() throws Exception {
		IDataSet dataSet = new FlatXmlDataSet(new FlatXmlProducer(new InputSource(new FileInputStream(DATA_BACKUP_FILE))));
		DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbUnitConn, dataSet);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试查询方法
	 */
	@Test
	public void testLoad() throws Exception {
		//FlatXmlDataSet用来获取基于属性存储的属性值,XmlDataSet用来获取基于节点类型存储的属性值
		IDataSet dataSet = new FlatXmlDataSet(new FlatXmlProducer(new InputSource(UserDaoTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("t_user.xml"))));
		//DatabaseOperation类的几个常量值
		//CLEAN_INSERT---->先删除数据库中的所有数据,然后将t_user.xml中的数据插入数据库
		//DELETE---------->如果数据库存在与t_user.xml记录的相同的数据,则删除数据库中的该条数据
		//DELETE_ALL------>删除数据库中的所有数据
		//INSERT---------->将t_user.xml中的数据插入数据库
		//NONE------------>nothing to do
		//REFRESH--------->刷新数据库中的数据
		//TRUNCATE_TABLE-->清空表中的数据
		//UPDATE---------->将数据库中的那条数据更新为t_user.xml中的数据
		DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(dbUnitConn, dataSet);
		//下面开始数据测试
		UserDaoJdbc dao = new UserDaoJdbc();
		User user = dao.load("Jadyer");
		Assert.assertEquals(user.getId(), 2);
		Assert.assertEquals(user.getUsername(), "Jadyer");
		Assert.assertEquals(user.getPassword(), "hongyu");
	}
}

哦，差点忘了，把数据库建表语句也补上吧，尽管没什么必要

# MySQL-Front 5.0  (Build 1.133)

# Host: 127.0.0.1    Database: jadyer
# ------------------------------------------------------
# Server version 5.5.25a

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `jadyer`;
CREATE DATABASE `jadyer` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `jadyer`;

#
# Table structure for table t_user
#

CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;

#
# Dumping data for table t_user
#
LOCK TABLES `t_user` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t_user` DISABLE KEYS */;

INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (1,'admin','admin');
INSERT INTO `t_user` VALUES (2,'xuanyu','yuyu');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t_user` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;