http://blog.csdn.net/wfwfunway/article/details/5737416
本文只讨论ioctl 在 linux网络编程中的应用
#include<unistd.h>
int ioctl( int fd, int request, .../* void *arg */ ); 返回0——成功, -1——出错
第一个参数 fd 指示某个文件描述符(当然也包括 套接口描述符)
第二个参数 request 指示要ioctl执行的操作
第三个参数 总是某种指针,具体的指向类型依赖于 request 参数
我们可以把和网络相关的请求(request)划分为6 类:
套接口操作
文件操作
接口操作
ARP 高速缓存操作
路由表操作
流系统
下表列出了网络相关ioctl 请求的request 参数以及arg 地址必须指向的数据类型:
类别 request 说明 (第三个参数)数据类型
SIOCATMARK 是否位于带外标记 int
套接口 SIOCSPGRP 设置陶接口的进程ID或组ID int
SIOCGPGRP 获取陶接口的进程ID或组ID int
文件 FIONBIO 设置/清除非阻塞IO标识 int
FIOASYNC 设置/清除信号驱动异步IO标识 int
FIONREAD 获取接收缓冲区中的字节数 int
……
SIOCGIFCONF 获取所有接口的清单 struct ifconf
接口 SIOCSIFADDR 设置接口的ip地址 struct ifreq
SIOCGIFADDR 获取接口地址 struct ifreq
SIOCSIFFLAGS 设置接口标识 struct ifreq
SIOCGIFFLAGS 获取接口标识 struct ifreq
SIOCSIFDSTADDR 设置点到点地址 struct ifreq
SIOCGIFDSTADDR 获取点到点地址 struct ifreq
SICSIFBRDADDR 设置广播地址 struct ifreq
SICGIFBRDADDR 获取广播地址 struct ifreq
……
SIOCSARP 创建/修改ARP表项 struct arpreq
ARP SIOCGARP 获取ARP表项 struct arpreq
SIOCDARP 删除ARP表项 struct arpreq
路由 ……
(有很多request请求没有列出,而且不同的系统所提供的request也有所不同,比如linux就不提供SIOCGSIZIFCONF请求)
上面的表中,用ioctl执行接口操作的请求时,要用到结构体 struct ifconf 与 struct ifreq
struct ifconf{
int ifc_len; // 缓冲区ifcu_buf的大小
union{
caddr_t ifcu_buf; // 其实就是char *类型。
struct ifreq *ifcu_req; // 为ifconf分配空间时我们用ifcu_buf指针;当要取得或设置该缓冲区中的ifreq类型时,则用这个指针
}ifc_ifcu;
};
#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf //buffer address
#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req //array of structures returned
struct ifreq
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* if name, e.g. "eth0" */
union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
void * ifru_data;
struct if_settings ifru_settings;
} ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
#define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
#define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* Queue length */
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
#define ifr_settings ifr_ifru.ifru_settings /* Device/proto settings*/
ifconf 结构包含了 ifreq 结构指针, 在使用ifconf之前,我们得先为其ifcu_buf指针(或者说ifcu_req指针)分配缓冲区
其他不知道该怎么说。
贴代码吧。 一个用ioctl实现的类似ifconfig命令的小程序。
- #include <stdio.h> //printf()
- #include <unistd.h> //ioctl()
- #include <sys/ioctl.h> //ioctl
- #include <sys/socket.h> //socket()
- #include <net/if.h> //struct ifconf{} & struct ifreq{}
- #include <string.h> //strcpy()
- #include <arpa/inet.h> //inet_ntoa()
- #include <stdlib.h> //malloc() & free()
-
- int print_if_addr(int fd, char *interface_name);
- int print_if_mac(int fd, char *interface_name);
- int print_if_broadaddr(int fd, char *interface_name);
- int print_if_mask(int fd, char *interface_name);
- int print_if_mtu(int fd, char *interface_name);
- int print_all_interface();
- int print_if_addr6(char *interface_name);
- int print_interface_info(char *interface_name);
- int set_if_up(char *interface_name);
- int set_if_down(char *interface_name);
- int set_if_ip(char *interface_name, char *ip_str);
- void usage();
-
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int sockfd;
-
- printf("/n **********funway:用ioctl函数来实现ifconfig命令的效果**********/n");
-
- switch(argc)
- {
- case 1:
- print_all_interface();
- break;
- case 2:
- print_interface_info(argv[1]);
- break;
- case 3:
- if(strcmp(argv[2], "up") == 0)
- set_if_up(argv[1]);
- else if(strcmp(argv[2], "down") == 0)
- set_if_down(argv[1]);
- else
- set_if_ip(argv[1], argv[2]);
- break;
- default:
- usage();
- break;
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- void usage()
- {
- printf("usage: ./myifconfig [interface [down|up|ip]]/n");
- }
-
- int print_if_addr(int fd, char *if_name)
- {
- struct sockaddr_in *ip;
- struct ifreq ifr;
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
-
- if(ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFADDR error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- ip = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
- printf(" IP: %s/n", inet_ntoa(ip->sin_addr));
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_if_broadaddr(int fd, char *if_name)
- {
- struct sockaddr_in *ip;
- struct ifreq ifr;
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
-
- if(ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFBRDADDR error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- ip = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_broadaddr;
- printf(" Broadcast: %s/n", inet_ntoa(ip->sin_addr));
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_if_mask(int fd, char *if_name)
- {
- struct sockaddr_in *ip;
- struct ifreq ifr;
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
-
- if(ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFNETMASK, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFNETMASK error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- ip = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask;
- printf(" Mask: %s/n", inet_ntoa(ip->sin_addr));
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_if_mac(int fd, char *if_name)
- {
- unsigned char *p;
-
- struct ifreq ifr;
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
-
- if(ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFHWADDR error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- p = (char *)&ifr.ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr.sa_data[0];
- printf(" MAC: %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x/n", *p, *(p+1), *(p+2), *(p+3), *(p+4), *(p+5));
-
-
-
-
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_if_mtu(int fd, char *if_name)
- {
- unsigned int mtu;
- struct ifreq ifr;
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
-
- if(ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFMTU error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- mtu = ifr.ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu;
- printf(" MTU: %d/n", mtu);
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_if_addr6(char *if_name)
- {
- unsigned int mtu;
- struct ifreq ifr;
- int sockfd;
-
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_all_interface()
- {
- struct ifconf ifc;
- struct ifreq *ifr_p;
- int sockfd, len, old_len = 0, i;
- char *buf;
-
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- len = 10 * sizeof(struct ifreq);
- for( ; ; )
- {
- if((buf = malloc(len)) == NULL)
- {
- perror("malloc error");
- return -1;
- }
- ifc.ifc_len = len;
- ifc.ifc_buf = buf;
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFCONF error");
- return -1;
- }
- if(ifc.ifc_len == old_len)
- break;
- old_len = ifc.ifc_len;
- len += 10 * sizeof(struct ifreq);
- free(buf);
- }
- printf("we have %d interfaces/n", ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq));
-
- for(i = 0; i < ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq); i++)
- {
- ifr_p = &ifc.ifc_req[i];
- printf("/ninterface [%s]:/n", ifr_p->ifr_name);
-
- print_if_addr(sockfd, ifr_p->ifr_name);
- print_if_broadaddr(sockfd, ifr_p->ifr_name);
- print_if_mask(sockfd, ifr_p->ifr_name);
- print_if_mac(sockfd, ifr_p->ifr_name);
- print_if_mtu(sockfd, ifr_p->ifr_name);
- }
- close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
-
- int print_interface_info(char *if_name)
- {
- int sockfd;
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- printf("%s:/n", if_name);
- print_if_addr(sockfd, if_name);
- print_if_broadaddr(sockfd, if_name);
- print_if_mask(sockfd, if_name);
- print_if_mac(sockfd, if_name);
- print_if_mtu(sockfd, if_name);
- close(sockfd);
- return 0;
- }
-
- int set_if_up(char *if_name)
- {
- struct ifreq ifr;
- int sockfd;
-
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFFLAGS error");
- return -1;
- }
- ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCSIFFLAGS error");
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
- int set_if_down(char *if_name)
- {
- struct ifreq ifr;
- int sockfd;
-
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCGIFFLAGS error");
- return -1;
- }
- ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCSIFFLAGS error");
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
-
- int set_if_ip(char *if_name, char *ip_str)
- {
- struct ifreq ifr;
- struct sockaddr_in ip_addr;
- int sockfd;
-
- if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
- {
- perror("Socket error");
- return -1;
- }
-
- ip_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- if(inet_pton(AF_INET, ip_str, &ip_addr.sin_addr) < 1)
- {
- perror("error ipv4 addr:");
- return -1;
- }
-
- strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, if_name);
- memcpy(&ifr.ifr_addr, &ip_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
- if(ioctl(sockfd, SIOCSIFADDR, &ifr) < 0)
- {
- perror("ioctl SIOCSIFADDR error");
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }