ubuntu 10.04 sources.list in china ＆＆ use apt-get update Ubuantu 10.04

一、配置用于更新的源文件( /etc/apt/sources.list) 

ubuntu下用如下命令获取更新：

sudo apt-get update

而使用该命令要获得更新，依赖于相关的配置文件： ／etc/apt/sources.list

要获得该配置文件的详细说明：用命令 ： man sources.list

wzb@ubuntu:~$ whatis sources.list sources.list (5) - Package resource list for APT wzb@ubuntu:~$ man sources.list | cat SOURCES.LIST(5) APT SOURCES.LIST(5) NAME sources.list - Package resource list for APT DESCRIPTION The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/Linux system. This control file is /etc/apt/sources.list. The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the most preferred source listed first. The format of each line is: type uri args The first item, type determines the format for args. uri is a Universal Resource Identifier (URI), which is a superset of the more specific and well-known Universal Resource Locator, or URL. The rest of the line can be marked as a comment by using a #. SOURCES.LIST.D The /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory provides a way to add sources.list entries in separate files. The format is the same as for the regular sources.list file. File names need to end with .list and may only contain letters (a-z and A-Z), digits (0-9), underscore (_), hyphen (-) and period (.) characters. Otherwise they will be silently ignored. THE DEB AND DEB-SRC TYPES The deb type describes a typical two-level Debian archive, distribution/component. Typically, distribution is generally one of stable unstable or testing while component is one of main contrib non-free or non-us. The deb-src type describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the deb type. A deb-src line is required to fetch source indexes. The format for a sources.list entry using the deb and deb-src types is: deb uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...] The URI for the deb type must specify the base of the Debian distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs. distribution can specify an exact path, in which case the components must be omitted and distribution must end with a slash (/). This is useful for when the case only a particular sub-section of the archive denoted by the URI is of interest. If distribution does not specify an exact path, at least one component must be present. distribution may also contain a variable, $(ARCH) which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, powerpc, ...) used on the system. This permits architecture-independent sources.list files to be used. In general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, APT will automatically generate a URI with the current architecture otherwise. Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary to have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available distributions or components at that location is desired. APT will sort the URI list after it has generated a complete set internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same Internet host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, and then re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth. It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example). Some examples: deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian dists/stable-updates/ URI SPECIFICATION The currently recognized URI types are cdrom, file, http, ftp, copy, ssh, rsh. file The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or archives. cdrom The cdrom scheme allows APT to use a local CDROM drive with media swapping. Use the apt-cdrom(8) program to create cdrom entries in the source list. http The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment variable http_proxy is set with the format http://server:port/, the proxy server specified in http_proxy will be used. Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may use a string of the format http://user:pass@server:port/. Note that this is an insecure method of authentication. ftp The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior is highly configurable; for more information see the apt.conf(5) manual page. Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified by using the ftp_proxy environment variable. It is possible to specify a http proxy (http proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and ONLY this method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration file will be ignored. copy The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location. This is useful for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT. rsh, ssh The rsh/ssh method invokes rsh/ssh to connect to a remote host as a given user and access the files. It is a good idea to do prior arrangements with RSA keys or rhosts. Access to files on the remote uses standard find and dd commands to perform the file transfers from the remote. more recognizable URI types APT can be extended with more methods shipped in other optional packages which should follow the nameing scheme apt-transport-method. The APT team e.g. maintains also the apt-transport-https package which provides access methods for https-URIs with features similar to the http method, but other methods for using e.g. debtorrent are also available, see apt-transport-debtorrent(1). EXAMPLES Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free. deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution. deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free Source line for the above deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the hamm/main area. deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian directory, and uses only the stable/contrib area. deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian stable contrib Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as well as the one in the previous example in sources.list a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines. deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the debian-non-US directory. deb http://nonus.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the debian-non-US directory, and uses only files found under unstable/binary-i386 on i386 machines, unstable/binary-m68k on m68k, and so forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example only illustrates how to use the substitution variable; non-us is no longer structured like this] deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/ SEE ALSO apt-cache(8) apt.conf(5) BUGS APT bug page[1]. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the reportbug(1) command. AUTHORS Jason Gunthorpe APT team NOTES 1. APT bug page http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt Linux 29 February 2004 SOURCES.LIST(5) wzb@ubuntu:~$

 

该配置文件的说明，可以发现，apt-get  update 的源不仅可以源于互联网，还可以是本机文件，甚至cdrom；

这文件源的顺序，一般是，cdrom 其次，是本地网络（包括本地文件），再次是外网，也就是互联网喽。感兴趣，可以深入的探究!

我是比较懒，直接google一下 ubuntu 10.04 sources.list in china 看了几个链接，基本上都是互联网上的源，就直接把它们综合一下，

追加到我的／etc/apt/sources.list文件下了。

wzb@ubuntu:~$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list [sudo] password for wzb: #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20100816.1)]/ lucid main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates multiverse deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security multiverse #net sources in china #sohu deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted #shanghai jiaoda deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe #taiwan deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #wangyi deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted #gutou yuan deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted #Lucid Lynx deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted #uestc(成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器,推荐校园网和网通用户使用) deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe #网易 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed universe main multiverse restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports universe main multiverse restricted deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted #sjtu(上海交通大学更新服务器) deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe #SRT deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse #cn99 deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main multiverse restricted universe #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 10.04 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release i386 (20100429)]/ lucid main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid universe deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’ ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical’s ## ‘partner’ repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security main restricted deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe deb http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.stu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ lucid-security multiverse wzb@ubuntu:~$

 

 

二、用 sudo apt-get update 进行更新