Ubuntu下架设流媒体服务器的基本流程

转：http://os.51cto.com/art/201005/201537.htm

目前主流的流媒体服务器有微软的windows media server、RealNetworks的Helixserver和苹果公司的Darwin Streaming Server. 微软的windows media server只能在windows2000 server和windows 2003 server下使用，不在考虑之列。RealNetworks的Helixserver是一款跨平台的软件，功能也很强大，但并非免费软件，只能cut掉了。苹果公司的Darwin StreamingServer是一款跨平台的开源流媒体服务器软件，由苹果公司出品，其品质不用怀疑了，而且还免费。所以在架设流媒体服务器时就选择了DarwinStreaming Server.

Darwin Streaming Server使用标准的实时传输协议/实时流媒体协议(RTP/RTSP)，通过互联网实时传送媒体。Darwin Streaming Server 也能提供对传送 H.264、MPEG-4 和3GPP 文件的固有支持——因此，你可以在 Mac 和 Linux、Windows上的任何与标准兼容的媒体播放器上执行你的内容，当然还包括手机和接收盒等各种兼容标准的设备。不仅如此，它还允许你使用 Icecast兼容协议，通过 HTTP 传送标准的 MP3 文件到 MP3 客户端。

一、软件安装

首先上http://dss.macosforge.org/下载源代码，当前最新版本为6.0.3，但我选择了5.5.5版本，因为这个版本提供了针对linux的安装脚本。下载DarwinStreamingSrvr5.5.5-Linux.tar.gz文件后，解压缩，然后运行如下命令安装：

~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ chmod +x Install
~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ sudo ./Install
[sudo] password for keensword007:
Installing Darwin Streaming Server
Checking for and Killing currently running Darwin Streaming Server
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
Removing previous versions of Darwin Streaming Server
Backing up previous config files
Inserting path to perl into scripts..
Creating unprivileged user to run the server = "qtss".
copying DarwinStreamingServer to /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
copying PlaylistBroadcaster to /usr/local/bin/PlaylistBroadcaster
copying MP3Broadcaster to /usr/local/bin/MP3Broadcaster
copying qtpasswd to /usr/local/bin/qtpasswd
creating /usr/local/sbin/StreamingServerModules directory
copying createuserstreamingdir to /usr/local/bin/createuserstreamingdir
creating /etc/streaming directory
Generating a new prefs file at /etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRefMovieModule [dynamic]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSHomeDirectoryModule [dynamic]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFileModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSReflectorModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRelayModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessLogModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFlowControlModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSPosixFileSysModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAdminModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSMP3StreamingModule [static]
INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessModule [static]
WARNING: No users file found at /etc/streaming/qtusers.
WARNING: No groups file found at /etc/streaming/qtgroups.
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
copying relayconfig.xml-Sample to /etc/streaming/relayconfig.xml-Sample
copying qtusers to /etc/streaming/qtusers
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
copying qtgroups to /etc/streaming/qtgroups
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
copying readme.txt to /var/streaming/readme.txt
copying 3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf to /var/streaming/3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf
creating /usr/local/movies directory
creating /var/streaming/playlists directory
copying sample_100kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mov
copying sample_300kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mov
copying sample_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mp4
copying sample_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mp4
copying sample.mp3 into /usr/local/movies/sample.mp3
copying sample_50kbit.3gp into /usr/local/movies/sample_50kbit.3gp
copying sample_h264_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_100kbit.mp4
copying sample_h264_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_300kbit.mp4
copying sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_1mbit.mp4
copying StreamingLoadTool to /usr/local/bin/StreamingLoadTool
copying streamingloadtool.conf to /etc/streaming/streamingloadtool.conf
copying streamingadminserver.pl into /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl
copying Admin HTML to /var/streaming/AdminHtml directory
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
Launching streamingadminserver.pl
Cannot switch to group qtss
Installation Complete
Darwin Streaming Server Setup
Inorder to administer the Darwin Streaming Server you must create anadministrator user [Note: The administrator user name cannot containspaces, or single or double quote characters, and cannot be more than255 characters long].
Please enter a new administrator user name: keensword007
Youmust also enter a password for the administrator user [Note: Theadministrator password cannot contain spaces, or quotes, either singleor double, and cannot be more than 80 characters long].
Please enter a new administrator Password:
Re-enter the new administrator password:
Adding userName keensword007
chown: invalid user: `qtss'
Setup Complete!

从提示信息上看，应该是qtss用户未能创建造成的，查看了一下Install脚本，发现创建用户的脚本是这样的：

if [ $INSTALL_OS = "Linux" ]; then
/usr/sbin/useradd -M qtss > /dev/null 2>&1
else
/usr/sbin/useradd qtss > /dev/null 2>&1
fi

但是useradd并没有-M的命令行参数，应该为-m，将-M修改成-m后，再执行Install脚本，安装成功。此时服务已经启动，可以使用如下命令确定服务是否已经启动：

~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ ps aux | grep Darwin
root 10963 0.0 0.0 4368 456 ? Ss 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
qtss 10964 0.0 0.0 38032 2456 ? Sl 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
1000 11003 0.0 0.0 3004 760 pts/1 R+ 21:24 0:00 grep Darwin

如果希望机器启动后自动运行流媒体服务器，输入如下命令：

~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ cd /etc/rc3.d
/etc/rc3.d$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl s20streamingserver

如果要手动启动服务，运行streamingadminserver.pl程序。

二、配置

Darwin Streaming Server采用了web管理模式，可以在本机的浏览器中输入：http://127.0.0.1:1220 。然后输入在安装流媒体服务器时设置的用户名称和密码。

第一次登录时，接着会出现设置向导。首先是一个MP3 广播密码设置对话框，在其“New Password”和“Re-enter New Password”输入自己想设置的密码。然后点击“Next”按钮继续。

为了保证数据传输的安全需要您可以在这里钩选“Secure Administration（SSL）”（安全管理），前提是您已经有了可用的SSL 证书。一般可以不选。直接点击“Next”按钮继续。

接下来要设置的是媒体文件的存放主目录。这个目录要记住，在服务器中以后添加媒体文件时就要加在这个目录中。设置完毕点击“Next”按钮继续。

最后设置默认传输端口，如果设置了“Streaming on Port80”则此服务器的访问可以突破防火墙，但如果您在此服务器上同时建有Apache 等占用80端口的服务。则建议您不要设置此端口。这里如果您没有什么特殊要求的话，使用缺省配置即可。直接点击“Finish”按钮。

自此流媒体服务器的设置就告一段落，如果您要作进一步的设置，可以通过此管理页面，在其左侧点击相应的选项，进行设置。也可以通过此对前面所做的设置进行更改。

三、在线播放

流媒体服务器部署完毕后，我们就可以使用自己喜欢的播放器在线播放了。例如，在本机上打开Movie Player, 在地址栏输入:

rtsp://127.0.0.1/sample_100kbit.mp4

就可以看到一段QuickTime演示视频。