hdu 1314 Numerically Speaking
题目地址：
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1314
题目描述：
Numerically Speaking
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)Total Submission(s): 250 Accepted Submission(s): 133
Problem Description
A developer of crossword puzzles (and other similar word games) has decided to develop a mapping between every possible word with from one to twenty characters and unique integers. The mapping is very simple, with the ordering being done first by the length of the word, and then alphabetically. Part of the list is shown below.
a 1
b 2
...
z 26
aa 27
ab 28
...
snowfall 157,118,051,752
...
Your job in this problem is to develop a program which can translate, bidirectionally, between the unique word numbers and the corresponding words.
a 1
b 2
...
z 26
aa 27
ab 28
...
snowfall 157,118,051,752
...
Your job in this problem is to develop a program which can translate, bidirectionally, between the unique word numbers and the corresponding words.
Input
Input to the program is a list of words and numbers, one per line starting in column one, followed by a line containing a single asterisk in column one. A number will consist only of decimal digits (0 through 9) followed immediately by the end of line (that is, there will be no commas in input numbers). A word will consist of between one and twenty lowercase alphabetic characters (a through z).
Output
The output is to contain a single line for each word or number in the input data. This line is to contain the word starting in column one, followed by an appropriate number of blanks, and the corresponding word number starting in column 23. Word numbers that have more than three digits must be separated by commas at thousands, millions, and so forth.
Sample Input
29697684282993 transcendental 28011622636823854456520 computationally zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz *
Sample Output
elementary 29,697,684,282,993 transcendental 51,346,529,199,396,181,750 prestidigitation 28,011,622,636,823,854,456,520 computationally 232,049,592,627,851,629,097 zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 20,725,274,851,017,785,518,433,805,270
题意：
按照字母像题干那样的排列来进行计数
题解：
实际上就是一个26进制数的项目转换。
一个字符串转化为数字： 字母的排行（从1开始） × 26^（字母的位）
比如aa = 1 × 26^1 + 1 × 26^0
一个数字转化为字符串：就跟10进制取每一位的数一样就是不断地取余、除，取余、除。
比如27 -> 27 % 26 = 1 (个位上的a) 27/26 = 1 1%26 = 1 (十位上的a)
注意：
1、在除法这里有个特殊点，如az ，不能简单用不断除，取余。如果余数为0，那么除数-1，然后余数为26.添加这样一个特殊规则，这样就可以处理数字转字符串了。
2、注意大数的乘除法。
代码（模板外连）：
BigData.h 模板 见 ： http://blog.csdn.net/hackerwin7/article/details/40428779
#include"BigData.h"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
#define CL 22
char in_str[100];
int main()
{
while(scanf("%s",in_str)!=EOF&&in_str[0]!='*')
{
int len = strlen(in_str);
string strs = "";//output string
BigData sum = BigData("0");//output number
BigData add_num = BigData("0");
BigData by_num = BigData("1");
BigData bit_num = BigData("26");
if (in_str[0] >= '0' && in_str[0] <= '9')//number to string
{
sum = BigData(string(in_str));
char temp_str[100];
int temp_len = 0;
BigData zero = BigData("0");
BigData tsum = BigData(sum);
while (tsum >= bit_num)
{
BigData rem_num = tsum % bit_num;
tsum /= bit_num;
if(rem_num == zero) tsum-=BigData("1");
temp_str[temp_len++] = rem_num.to_int() - 1 + 'a';
}
if(tsum > zero)
{
temp_str[temp_len++] = tsum.to_int() - 1 + 'a';
}
char reverse_str[100];
for(int i=0,j=temp_len-1;j>=0;j--,i++)
{
reverse_str[i] = temp_str[j];
}
reverse_str[temp_len] = '\0';
strs = string(reverse_str);
}
else//string to number
{
int char_rank = in_str[len - 1] - 'a' + 1;
add_num = BigData(char_rank);
sum += add_num;
for (int i = len - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
char_rank = in_str[i] - 'a' + 1;
by_num *= bit_num;
add_num = BigData(char_rank) * by_num;
sum += add_num;
}
strs = string(in_str);
}
printf("%s",strs.c_str());
for(int i=1;i<=CL-(int)strs.length();i++) printf(" ");
string ostr = string(sum.get_data_str());
int first_len=ostr.length()%3;
if(first_len==0) first_len=3;
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<=first_len-1;i++) printf("%c",ostr[i]);
for(;i<=(int)ostr.length()-1;i+=3) printf(",%c%c%c",ostr[i],ostr[i+1],ostr[i+2]);
printf("\n");
}
return(0);
}
代码（模板加入）：
/*
string is "228899"
int array is {9,9,8,8,2,2}
current version is only for integer not for real
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 300//the BigData's max length
using namespace std;
class BigData
{
private:
string data_str;
public:
BigData();
BigData(string str);
BigData(int num);
void print();
int to_int();
BigData& operator=(const BigData& big);
string get_data_str();
bool operator<(const BigData& big) const;
bool operator<=(const BigData& big) const;
bool operator>(const BigData& big) const;
bool operator>=(const BigData& big) const;
bool operator==(const BigData& big) const;
bool operator!=(const BigData& big) const;
BigData operator+(const BigData& big) const;
BigData operator-(const BigData& big) const;
BigData operator*(const BigData& big) const;
BigData* new_sub(const BigData& big) const;
BigData operator/(const BigData& big) const;
BigData operator%(const BigData& big) const;
BigData& operator+=(const BigData& big);
BigData& operator-=(const BigData& big);
BigData& operator*=(const BigData& big);
BigData& operator/=(const BigData& big);
BigData& operator%=(const BigData& big);
friend ostream & operator << (ostream& os, const BigData& big);
friend istream & operator >> (istream& is, const BigData& big);
};
BigData::BigData()
{
data_str = "0";
}
BigData::BigData(string str)
{
data_str = str;
if (data_str.length() > MAX)
{
cerr << "sorry,current version did not support the length of" << data_str.length() << endl;
exit(1);
}
}
BigData::BigData(int num)
{
char num_str[100];
sprintf(num_str, "%d", num);
data_str = string(num_str);
}
void BigData::print()
{
cout << data_str << endl;
}
int BigData::to_int()
{
int ans = -1;
if (data_str.length() <= 8)
{
ans = atoi(data_str.c_str());
}
return(ans);
}
BigData& BigData::operator=(const BigData& big)
{
this->data_str= string(big.data_str);
if (data_str.length() > MAX)
{
cerr << "sorry,current version did not support the length of" << data_str.length() << endl;
exit(1);
}
return(*this);
}
string BigData::get_data_str()
{
return(data_str);
}
bool BigData::operator<(const BigData& big) const
{
string s1 = data_str;
string s2 = big.data_str;
if(s1[0]=='-'&&s2[0]!='-') {return true;}
if(s1[0]!='-'&&s2[0]=='-') {return false;}
if(s1[0]!='-'&&s2[0]!='-')
{
if(s1.length()>s2.length()) {return false;}
else if(s1.length()<s2.length()) {return true;}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= (int)s1.length() - 1; i++)
{
if(s1[i]<s2[i]) {return true;}
else if(s1[i]>s2[i]) {return false;}
}
return(false);
}
}
if(s1[0]=='-'&&s2[0]=='-')
{
if(s1.length()>s2.length()) {return true;}
else if(s1.length()<s2.length()) {return false;}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= (int)s1.length() - 1; i++)
{
if(s1[i]<s2[i]) {return false;}
else if(s1[i]>s2[i]) {return true;}
}
return(false);
}
}
return(false);
}
bool BigData::operator<=(const BigData& big) const
{
if(*this < big || *this == big) return true;
else return false;
}
bool BigData::operator>(const BigData& big) const
{
if(*this < big) return false;
else if(*this == big) return false;
else return true;
}
bool BigData::operator>=(const BigData& big) const
{
if(*this > big || *this == big) return true;
else return false;
}
bool BigData::operator==(const BigData& big) const
{
string s1 = data_str;
string s2 = big.data_str;
if(s1 == s2) {return true;}
else {return false;}
}
bool BigData::operator!=(const BigData& big) const
{
if(*this == big) return(false);
else return(true);
}
BigData BigData::operator+(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData zero = BigData("0");
if(*this >= zero && big >= zero)
{
string s1 = string(data_str);
string s2 = string(big.data_str);
//get int arr
int int_arr1[MAX],int_arr2[MAX],int_arr3[MAX];
for (int i = 0; i <= MAX - 1; i++) { int_arr1[i] = int_arr2[i] = int_arr3[i] = 0; }
int len_s1=(int)s1.length();
int len_s2=(int)s2.length();
int len_s3=len_s1>len_s2 ? len_s1 : len_s2;
for(int i=len_s1-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr1[j]=s1[i]-'0';}
int_arr1[len_s1]=0;
for(int i=len_s2-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr2[j]=s2[i]-'0';}
int_arr2[len_s2]=0;
int carry=0,result=0;
for(int i=0;i<=len_s3-1;i++)
{
result=carry+int_arr1[i]+int_arr2[i];
carry=result/10;
int_arr3[i]=result%10;
}
if(carry>0)
{
int_arr3[len_s3]=carry;
len_s3++;
}
char * char_arr = new char[len_s3 + 10];
for(int i=len_s3-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {char_arr[j]=int_arr3[i]+'0';}
char_arr[len_s3]='\0';
string s3 = string(char_arr);
//BigData new_big = BigData(s3);
BigData * new_p = new BigData(s3);
return(*new_p);
}
else if(*this < zero && big < zero)
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = new_this + new_big;
res = zero - res;
return(res);
}
else if(*this >= zero)// big < zero
{
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = *this - new_big;
return(res);
}
else if(big >= zero)//*this < zero
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData res = big - new_this;
return(res);
}
else
{
BigData err = BigData("err!!");
return(err);
}
}
BigData BigData::operator-(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData zero = BigData("0");
if(*this >= zero && big >= zero)
{
if(*this > big)
{
string s1 = string(data_str);
string s2 = string(big.data_str);
//get int arr
int int_arr1[MAX],int_arr2[MAX],int_arr3[MAX];
for (int i = 0; i <= MAX - 1; i++) { int_arr1[i] = int_arr2[i] = int_arr3[i] = 0; }
int len_s1=(int)s1.length();
int len_s2=(int)s2.length();
int len_s3=len_s1>len_s2 ? len_s1 : len_s2;//not must be this value
for(int i=len_s1-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr1[j]=s1[i]-'0';}
int_arr1[len_s1]=0;
for(int i=len_s2-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr2[j]=s2[i]-'0';}
int_arr2[len_s2]=0;
for(int i=0;i<=len_s3-1;i++)//from low bit to high bit
{
if(int_arr1[i]<int_arr2[i])//borrow 1 bit from higher bit
{
int j=0;
for(j=i+1;j<=len_s3-1;j++)
{
if(int_arr1[j]>0)
{
break;
}
}
int_arr1[j]--;//borrow 1 bit
for(int k=j-1;k>=i+1;k--)//if it has 0 bit during find high bit , this 0 bit will be 9 bit
{
if(int_arr1[k]==0)
{
int_arr1[k]=9;
}
}
int_arr3[i]=10+int_arr1[i]-int_arr2[i];//sub the current bit
}
else
{
int_arr3[i]=int_arr1[i]-int_arr2[i];
}
}
char * char_arr = new char[len_s3 + 10];
int i=0;
for(i=len_s3-1;i>=0;i--) {if(int_arr3[i]>0) {len_s3=i+1; break;}}//111111 - 111110 = 1
if(i<0) {len_s3=1;}
for(int i=len_s3-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {char_arr[j]=int_arr3[i]+'0';}
char_arr[len_s3]='\0';
string s3 = string(char_arr);
BigData new_big = BigData(s3);
return(new_big);
}
else if(*this < big)
{
if(*this == zero)
{
string ss = string(big.data_str);
string res_ss = "-" + ss;
BigData res = BigData(res_ss);
return(res);
}
else
{
BigData new_big = big - *this;
new_big = zero - new_big;
return(new_big);
}
}
else
{
return(zero);
}
}
else if(*this < zero && big < zero)
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = new_big - new_this;
return(res);
}
else if(*this >= zero)//big < zero
{
if(*this == zero)
{
string str_big = string(big.data_str);
string res_ss = str_big.substr(1,str_big.length()-1);
BigData res = BigData(res_ss);
return(res);
}
else
{
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = *this + new_big;
return(res);
}
}
else if(big >= zero)
{
BigData new_this = zero -*this;
BigData res = new_this + big;
res = zero - res;
return(res);
}
else
{
BigData err = BigData("err!!");
return(err);
}
}
BigData BigData::operator*(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData zero = BigData("0");
if(*this > zero && big > zero)
{
string s1 = string(data_str);
string s2 = string(big.data_str);
//get int arr
int int_arr1[MAX],int_arr2[MAX],int_arr3[MAX];
for (int i = 0; i <= MAX - 1; i++) { int_arr1[i] = int_arr2[i] = int_arr3[i] = 0; }
int len_s1=(int)s1.length();
int len_s2=(int)s2.length();
int len_s3=len_s1+len_s2-1;//may not be current
for(int i=len_s1-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr1[j]=s1[i]-'0';}
int_arr1[len_s1]=0;
for(int i=len_s2-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {int_arr2[j]=s2[i]-'0';}
int_arr2[len_s2]=0;
int carry=0,result=0;
int carry_arr3=0,result_arr3=0;
int i=0,j=0;
for(j=0;j<=len_s2-1;j++)
{
for(i=0;i<=len_s1-1;i++)
{
result=carry+int_arr2[j]*int_arr1[i];
carry=result/10;
result=result%10;
result_arr3=carry_arr3+int_arr3[i+j]+result;
carry_arr3=result_arr3/10;
result_arr3=result_arr3%10;
int_arr3[i+j]=result_arr3;
}
//deal with carry or carry_arr3 cases
result=carry;
result_arr3=carry_arr3+int_arr3[i+j]+result;
carry_arr3=result_arr3/10;
result_arr3=result_arr3%10;
int_arr3[i+j]=result_arr3;
carry=0;
//deal with carry_arr3 cases
result=carry;
result_arr3=carry_arr3+int_arr3[i+j]+result;
carry_arr3=result_arr3/10;
result_arr3=result_arr3%10;
int_arr3[i+j]=result_arr3;
carry_arr3=0;
}
if(int_arr3[len_s1+len_s2-1]>0) {len_s3=len_s1+len_s2;}
else {len_s3=len_s1+len_s2-1;}
char * char_arr = new char[len_s3 + 10];
for(int i=len_s3-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++) {char_arr[j]=int_arr3[i]+'0';}
char_arr[len_s3]='\0';
string s3 = string(char_arr);
BigData new_big = BigData(s3);
return(new_big);
}
else if (*this < zero && big < zero)
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = new_this * new_big;
return(res);
}
else if(*this == zero || big ==zero)
{
return(zero);
}
else if(*this < zero)//big > zero
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData res = new_this * big;
res = zero - res;
return(zero);
}
else if(big < zero)//*this > zero
{
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData res = *this * new_big;
res = zero - res;
return(zero);
}
else
{
BigData err = BigData("err!!");
return(err);
}
}
//return the list of the BigData, first is quotinet ,the second is remainder, this is new_sub function, will be use to operator/ and operator%
BigData* BigData::new_sub(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData * ans_list = new BigData[2];
BigData zero = BigData("0");
if (*this > zero && big > zero)
{
//construct divisor and dividend
BigData dived_num = BigData(data_str);
BigData div_num = BigData(big.data_str);
BigData quo_num = BigData("0");//summation
BigData rem_num = BigData("0");
string s1, s2, s3, s4;//s1 is dived s2 is div s3 is result s4 is remainder
while (div_num <= dived_num)
{
s1 = string(dived_num.get_data_str());
s2 = string(div_num.get_data_str());
int bit_len = s1.length() - s2.length();
int bit_num = 1;//1 * (10 ^ bit_len)
string by_str = "1";//s2 * by_str compare with s1
for (int i = 1; i <= bit_len; i++){by_str += "0";}
BigData by_num = BigData(by_str);
if (div_num * by_num < dived_num)
{
bit_num = 9;
by_str = "9";
for (int i = 1; i <= bit_len; i++){ by_str += "0"; }
by_num = BigData(by_str);// div * by_num must > dived_nums
}
while (div_num * by_num > dived_num)
{
bit_num--;
if (bit_num == 0)
{
bit_num = 9;
bit_len--;
if (bit_len < 0){ bit_len = 0; }
}
char cstr[2];
cstr[0] = bit_num + 48;
cstr[1] = '\0';
by_str = string(cstr);
for (int i = 1; i <= bit_len; i++){ by_str += "0"; }
by_num = BigData(by_str);
}
dived_num = dived_num - (div_num * by_num);//div_num * by_num <= dived_num, dived_num = dived_num - (div_num * by_num)
quo_num = quo_num + by_num;//record the quotient
}
//dived_num < div_num,make it to the remainder
rem_num = dived_num;
ans_list[0] = quo_num;
ans_list[1] = rem_num;
return(ans_list);
}
else if (*this < zero && big < zero)
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData* res = new_this.new_sub( new_big);
return(res);
}
else if (big == zero)
{
//throw exception("error divide zero");
return(NULL);
}
else if (*this == zero)
{
ans_list[0] = zero;
ans_list[1] = zero;
return(ans_list);
}
else if (*this < zero)//big > zero
{
BigData new_this = zero - *this;
BigData * res = new_this.new_sub(big);
res[0] = zero - res[0];
return(res);
}
else if (big < zero)//*this > zero
{
BigData new_big = zero - big;
BigData * res = new_sub(new_big);
res[0] = zero - res[0];
return(res);
}
else//error
{
BigData err = BigData("err!!");
return(NULL);
}
}
//integer's divede not save the remainder
BigData BigData::operator/(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData * ans = new_sub(big);
BigData quo_num = ans[0];
return(quo_num);
}
BigData BigData::operator%(const BigData& big) const
{
BigData * ans = new_sub(big);
BigData rem_num = ans[1];
return(rem_num);
}
BigData& BigData::operator+=(const BigData& big)
{
(*this) = (*this) + big;
return(*this);
}
BigData& BigData::operator-=(const BigData& big)
{
(*this) = (*this) - big;
return(*this);
}
BigData& BigData::operator*=(const BigData& big)
{
(*this) = (*this) * big;
return(*this);
}
BigData& BigData::operator/=(const BigData& big)
{
(*this) = (*this) / big;
return(*this);
}
BigData& BigData::operator%=(const BigData& big)
{
(*this) = (*this) % big;
return(*this);
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& os, const BigData& big)
{
os << big.data_str;
return(os);
}
istream& operator >>(istream& is, const BigData& big)
{
is >> big.data_str;
if (!is)
{
cerr << "incurrent input!" << endl;
}
return(is);
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
#define CL 22
char in_str[100];
int main()
{
while(scanf("%s",in_str)!=EOF&&in_str[0]!='*')
{
int len = strlen(in_str);
string strs = "";//output string
BigData sum = BigData("0");//output number
BigData add_num = BigData("0");
BigData by_num = BigData("1");
BigData bit_num = BigData("26");
if (in_str[0] >= '0' && in_str[0] <= '9')//number to string
{
sum = BigData(string(in_str));
char temp_str[100];
int temp_len = 0;
BigData zero = BigData("0");
BigData tsum = BigData(sum);
while (tsum >= bit_num)
{
BigData rem_num = tsum % bit_num;
tsum /= bit_num;
if(rem_num == zero) tsum-=BigData("1");
temp_str[temp_len++] = rem_num.to_int() - 1 + 'a';
}
if(tsum > zero)
{
temp_str[temp_len++] = tsum.to_int() - 1 + 'a';
}
char reverse_str[100];
for(int i=0,j=temp_len-1;j>=0;j--,i++)
{
reverse_str[i] = temp_str[j];
}
reverse_str[temp_len] = '\0';
strs = string(reverse_str);
}
else//string to number
{
int char_rank = in_str[len - 1] - 'a' + 1;
add_num = BigData(char_rank);
sum += add_num;
for (int i = len - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
char_rank = in_str[i] - 'a' + 1;
by_num *= bit_num;
add_num = BigData(char_rank) * by_num;
sum += add_num;
}
strs = string(in_str);
}
printf("%s",strs.c_str());
for(int i=1;i<=CL-(int)strs.length();i++) printf(" ");
string ostr = string(sum.get_data_str());
int first_len=ostr.length()%3;
if(first_len==0) first_len=3;
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<=first_len-1;i++) printf("%c",ostr[i]);
for(;i<=(int)ostr.length()-1;i+=3) printf(",%c%c%c",ostr[i],ostr[i+1],ostr[i+2]);
printf("\n");
}
return(0);
}