手工创建数据库(新建一个实例，在同一个数据库上跑两个实例)
说明：学习小布老师的oracle教程，动手实践，整理的笔记，以备不时之需。感谢小布老师的精彩视频！
--写在国庆节期间，普天同庆！
1.手工创建数据库(新建一个实例，在同一个数据库上跑两个实例)
(1).设置好所需的环境变量，实例SID--bbk.env文件的内容：
export ORACLE_SID=bbk
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ . ./bbk.env
(2).创建密码文件(形如orapwSID)，用操作系统命令orapwd创建
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwbbk password=oracle entries=10 force=y
(3).创建参数文件，形如initSID(此处为initbbk.ora)
--参数文件在目录/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs下面
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ strings spfileorcl.ora > initbbk.ora
然后再修改initbbk.ora的内容，并准备好所有所需的目录结构：
oradata/bbk
db_1/admin/bbk/adump
db_1/admin/bbk/bdump
db_1/admin/bbk/cdump
db_1/admin/bbk/udump
(4).以sys登录数据库
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
(5).从pfile创建spfile
SQL> create spfie from pfile
(6).以nomount状态启动实例
SQL> startup nomount
(7).执行crate database语句
--手工创建数据库的脚本，详细的参数含义参见SQL Reference
create database "bbk"
MAXDATAFILES 500
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGFILES 32
CHARACTER SET "UTF8"
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/system01.dbf' SIZE 300M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 300M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/temptbs01.dbf' SIZE 100M
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1"
DATAFILE '/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
LOGFILE
GROUP 1(
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo01a.rdo',
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo01b.rdo') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2(
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo02a.rdo',
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo02b.rdo') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3(
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo03a.rdo',
'/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/redo03b.rdo') SIZE 100M ;
(8).创建额外的表空间
SQL> create tablespace mytbs
datafile '/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/bbk/mytbs01.dbf' size 100M
extent management local;(9).运行相关的脚本创建数据字典视图
@?rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?rdbms/admin/pupbld.sql
(10).Run Scripts to install additional option(可选项)
至此一个新的实例bbk就建立起来了
2.启动实例的过程
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs --数据库的启动参数文件放在该目录下面
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll
总计 568
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 212 09-17 13:37 bbk.env
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 20 09-18 02:06 create_db.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1073 09-18 02:01 createdb.sql
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 09-18 00:43 hc_bbk.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 09-14 16:33 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1145 09-18 00:41 initbbk.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 43 09-14 16:41 initorcl01.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1202 09-14 16:24 initorcl.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 24 09-18 02:02 lkBBK
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 24 09-14 16:33 lkORCL
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 09-17 12:29 old
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 09-18 03:09 orapwbbk
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 09-17 12:52 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 09-18 03:36 spfilebbk.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 10-03 12:12 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 324913 09-18 02:46 sqllog2.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1374 09-18 02:58 sqllog3.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 167150 09-18 02:31 sqllog.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 745 09-18 03:11 sqlnet.log
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat bbk.env
export ORACLE_SID=bbk
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
--临时改变环境变量为新创建的实例(此处为bbk)的环境变量
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ . ./bbk.env
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=bbk
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
--再以sys登录启动新的实例
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
--忘记sys的密码可以作如下操作，置新密码，以下将sys密码置为oracle
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwbbk password=oracle entries=10 force=y
3.监听器的配置
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) --实例orcl
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = bbk) --新创建的实例bbk
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = bbk)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = oracle_IPC))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.120)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
4.配置tnsname
bbk =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.120)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = bbk)
(SID = bbk)
)
)
这时候就可以访问一个数据库上的两个实例了。