用MyEclipse新建一个Web项目,在MyEclipse菜单中导入框架如下图:
添加框架支持以后如下图:
Struts1.x的核心重点是:2个配置文件,3个类
1,两个配置文件:web.xml,struts-config.xml
2,ActionForm,Action编写,ActionServlet的配置
3,ActionServlet在web.xml中配置,并且框架会自动实例化ActionServlet,不需要编写ActionServlet类
在web.xml中配置ActionServlet:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="3.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name /> <servlet> <!--利用ActionServlet类,框架会自动实例化ActionServlet,对象名为action--> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> <!-- ActionServlet读取配置文件的路径 --> <init-param> <param-name>config</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>3</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>detail</param-name> <param-value>3</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 表示应用启动, ActionServlet就载入实例化--> <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--访问名为action的Servlet,也就是 org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet,要添加的扩展名是“.do”,ActionServlet的映射路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>编写JSP:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <body> <!-- 按此地址提交给ActionServlet时, ActionServlet将地址的项目名称和扩展名.do去掉, 变为/login,读取配置文件,找到要提交的Action对象--> <form action="/StrutsTest/login.do" method="post"> 请输入账号:<input name="account" type="text" ><br> 请输入密码:<input name="password" type="password" > <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html>
编写配置ActionForm:
ActionServlet将表单信息封装在ActionForm中,转交给Action.需要编写ActionForm来容纳表单里的数据。
1,必须继承ActionForm接口
2,ActionForm内必须编写和表单元素同名的属性
package com.strutstest; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; public class LoginForm extends ActionForm{ private String account; private String password; public String getAccount() { return account; } public void setAccount(String account) { this.account = account; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }编写配置Action
Strust框架中,将ActionForm转交给Action来处理,Action负责业务逻辑处理
1,必须继承Action接口
2,必须重写execute方法,重写execute方法,是因为Action接受数据后由ActionServlet自动调用它的execute方法,这个方法的运行通过反射机制进行。
package com.strutstest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.Action; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; public class LoginAction extends Action{ //mapping的作用是访问配置文件,ActionForward封装跳转的目标路径 public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{ LoginForm loginform=(LoginForm)form; String account=loginform.getAccount(); String password=loginform.getPassword(); String url=null; if(account.equals(password)){ return new ActionForward("/Success.jsp"); } return new ActionForward("/Fail.jsp"); } }struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd"> <struts-config> <data-sources /> <!--编写完了Form要在此配置文件中注册, 注册ActionForm --> <form-beans > <form-bean name="LoginForm" type="com.strutstest.LoginForm"></form-bean> </form-beans> <global-exceptions /> <global-forwards /> <!-- 注册Action ,ActionServlet根据此path找到要提交的Action,此元素name属性要和<form-beans>的name对应--> <action-mappings > <action path="/login" name="LoginForm" type="com.strutstest.LoginAction"></action> </action-mappings> <message-resources parameter="com.strutstest.ApplicationResources" /> </struts-config>loginSucess.jsp和loginFail.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <body> 登录成功! </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <body> 登录失败! </body> </html>程序的运行流程:
1,login.jsp中的表单提交到地址为"/StrutsTest/login.do",提交给ActionServlet,ActionServlet把提交的地址的项目路径和扩展名.do去掉,变为"/login",读取配置文件
2,在配置文件中,根据/login,找到配置文件中action对应的类,从而得到提交的LoginAction,通过LoginAction的name属性找到LoginForm,找到对应的LoginForm类
3,将表单封装在一个Login对象中,提交给LoginAction
4,ActionServlet调用Action的execute方法,处理后返回一个ActionForward对象给ActionServlet
5,ActionServlet跳转到相应页面。