使用ELK(Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana) 搭建日志集中分析平台实践

原文地址：https://wsgzao.github.io/post/elk/

另外可以参考：https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-elasticsearch-logstash-and-kibana-elk-stack-on-ubuntu-14-04

前言

Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana（ELK）是一套开源的日志管理方案，分析网站的访问情况时我们一般会借助Google/百度/CNZZ等方式嵌入JS做数据统计，但是当网站访问异常或者被攻击时我们需要在后台分析如Nginx的具体日志，而Nginx日志分割/GoAccess/Awstats都是相对简单的单节点解决方案，针对分布式集群或者数据量级较大时会显得心有余而力不足，而ELK的出现可以使我们从容面对新的挑战。

• Logstash：负责日志的收集，处理和储存
• Elasticsearch：负责日志检索和分析
• Kibana：负责日志的可视化

ELK(Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana)

更新记录

2015年08月31日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/elk/

扩展阅读

CentOS 7.x安装ELK(Elasticsearch+Logstash+Kibana) - http://www.chenshake.com/centos-install-7-x-elk-elasticsearchlogstashkibana/
Centos 6.5 安装nginx日志分析系统 elasticsearch + logstash + redis + kibana - http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=17291169&id=4898582
logstash-forwarder and grok examples - https://www.ulyaoth.net/threads/logstash-forwarder-and-grok-examples.32413/
三斗室 - http://chenlinux.com/
elastic - https://www.elastic.co/guide
LTMP索引 - http://wsgzao.github.io/index/#LTMP

组件预览

JDK - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
Elasticsearch - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch
Logstash - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/logstash
Kibana - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/kibana
redis - http://redis.io/download

设置FQDN

创建SSL证书的时候需要配置FQDN

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#修改hostname cat /etc/hostname elk #修改hosts cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 127.0.0.1 10-10-87-19 10.10.87.19 elk.ooxx.com elk #刷新环境 hostname -F /etc/hostname #复查结果 hostname -f elk.ooxx.com hostname elk

服务端

Java

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cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk java -version java version "1.7.0_85" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.1.3.el6_6-x86_64 u85-b01) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.85-b03, mixed mode)

Elasticsearch

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#下载安装 wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm yum localinstall elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm #启动相关服务 service elasticsearch start service elasticsearch status #查看Elasticsearch的配置文件 rpm -qc elasticsearch /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml /etc/init.d/elasticsearch /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch /usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf #查看端口使用情况 netstat -nltp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9200 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9300 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1509/sshd tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1509/sshd #测试访问 curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/

Kibana

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#下载tar包 wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz #解压 tar zxf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ mv kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana #创建kibana服务 vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/kibana #!/bin/bash ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: kibana # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Runs kibana daemon # Description: Runs the kibana daemon as a non-root user ### END INIT INFO # Process name NAME=kibana DESC="Kibana4" PROG="/etc/init.d/kibana" # Configure location of Kibana bin KIBANA_BIN=/usr/local/kibana/bin # PID Info PID_FOLDER=/var/run/kibana/ PID_FILE=/var/run/kibana/$NAME.pid LOCK_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/$NAME PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$KIBANA_BIN DAEMON=$KIBANA_BIN/$NAME # Configure User to run daemon process DAEMON_USER=root # Configure logging location KIBANA_LOG=/var/log/kibana.log # Begin Script RETVAL=0 if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then echo "You need root privileges to run this script" exit 1 fi # Function library . /etc/init.d/functions start() { echo -n "Starting $DESC : " pid=`pidofproc -p $PID_FILE kibana` if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then echo "Already running." exit 0 else # Start Daemon if [ ! -d "$PID_FOLDER" ] ; then mkdir $PID_FOLDER fi daemon --user=$DAEMON_USER --pidfile=$PID_FILE $DAEMON 1>"$KIBANA_LOG" 2>&1 & sleep 2 pidofproc node > $PID_FILE RETVAL=$? [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && success || failure echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE return $RETVAL fi } reload() { echo "Reload command is not implemented for this service." return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n "Stopping $DESC : " killproc -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $PID_FILE $LOCK_FILE } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; reload) reload ;; *) # Invalid Arguments, print the following message. echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" >&2 exit 2 ;; esac #修改启动权限 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/kibana #启动kibana服务 service kibana start service kibana status #查看端口 netstat -nltp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9200 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9300 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1509/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5601 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1876/node tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1509/sshd

Logstash

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#下载rpm包 wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm #安装 yum localinstall logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm #设置ssl，之前设置的FQDN是elk.ooxx.com cd /etc/pki/tls #openssl req -x509 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout lumberjack.key -out lumberjack.crt -subj /CN=logstash.example.com openssl req -subj '/CN=elk.ooxx.com/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt #创建一个01-logstash-initial.conf文件 cat > /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf << EOF input { lumberjack { port => 5000 type => "logs" ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt" ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" } } filter { if [type] == "syslog" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" } add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ] add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ] } syslog_pri { } date { match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ] } } } output { elasticsearch { host => localhost } stdout { codec => rubydebug } } EOF #启动logstash服务 service logstash start service logstash status #查看5000端口 netstat -nltp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9200 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9300 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1765/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9301 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2309/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1509/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5601 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1876/node tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2309/java tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1509/sshd #启动服务 service logstash-forwarder start service logstash-forwarder status #访问Kibana，Time-field name 选择 @timestamp http://localhost:5601/ #增加节点和客户端配置一样，注意同步证书 /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt

客户端

Logstash Forwarder

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#登陆到客户端，安装Logstash Forwarder wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm yum localinstall logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm #查看logstash-forwarder的配置文件位置 rpm -qc logstash-forwarder /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf #备份配置文件 cp /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf.save #编辑 /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf，需要根据实际情况进行修改 cat > /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf << EOF { "network": { "servers": [ "elk.ooxx.com:5000" ], "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt", "timeout": 15 }, "files": [ { "paths": [ "/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure" ], "fields": { "type": "syslog" } } ] } EOF

配置Nginx日志策略

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#修改客户端配置 vi /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf { "network": { "servers": [ "elk.ooxx.com:5000" ], "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt", "timeout": 15 }, "files": [ { "paths": [ "/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure" ], "fields": { "type": "syslog" } }, { "paths": [ "/app/local/nginx/logs/access.log" ], "fields": { "type": "nginx" } } ] } #服务端增加patterns mkdir /opt/logstash/patterns vi /opt/logstash/patterns/nginx NGUSERNAME [a-zA-Z\.\@\-\+_%]+ NGUSER %{NGUSERNAME} NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:remote_addr} - - \[%{HTTPDATE:time_local}\] "%{WORD:method} %{URIPATH:path}(?:%{URIPARAM:param})? HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{INT:status} %{INT:body_bytes_sent} %{QS:http_referer} %{QS:http_user_agent} #官网pattern的debug在线工具 https://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/ #修改logstash权限 chown -R logstash:logstash /opt/logstash/patterns #修改服务端配置 vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf input { lumberjack { port => 5000 type => "logs" ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt" ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" } } filter { if [type] == "syslog" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" } add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ] add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ] } syslog_pri { } date { match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ] } } if [type] == "nginx" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" } } } } output { elasticsearch { host => localhost } stdout { codec => rubydebug } }

其它注意事项

修改kibana端口

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#编辑kibana.yaml vi /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml # Kibana is served by a back end server. This controls which port to use. #port: 5601 port: 80 # The host to bind the server to. host: "0.0.0.0" # The Elasticsearch instance to use for all your queries. elasticsearch_url: "http://localhost:9200" # preserve_elasticsearch_host true will send the hostname specified in `elasticsearch`. If you set it to false, # then the host you use to connect to *this* Kibana instance will be sent. elasticsearch_preserve_host: true # Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations # and dashboards. It will create a new index if it doesn't already exist. kibana_index: ".kibana" # If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic auth, this is the user credentials # used by the Kibana server to perform maintence on the kibana_index at statup. Your Kibana # users will still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch (which is proxied thorugh # the Kibana server) # kibana_elasticsearch_username: user # kibana_elasticsearch_password: pass # If your Elasticsearch requires client certificate and key # kibana_elasticsearch_client_crt: /path/to/your/client.crt # kibana_elasticsearch_client_key: /path/to/your/client.key # If you need to provide a CA certificate for your Elasticsarech instance, put # the path of the pem file here. # ca: /path/to/your/CA.pem # The default application to load. default_app_id: "discover" # Time in milliseconds to wait for elasticsearch to respond to pings, defaults to # request_timeout setting # ping_timeout: 1500 # Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or elasticsearch. # This must be > 0 request_timeout: 300000 # Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. # Set to 0 to disable. shard_timeout: 0 # Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying # startup_timeout: 5000 # Set to false to have a complete disregard for the validity of the SSL # certificate. verify_ssl: true # SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana Server (PEM formatted) # ssl_key_file: /path/to/your/server.key # ssl_cert_file: /path/to/your/server.crt # Set the path to where you would like the process id file to be created. # pid_file: /var/run/kibana.pid # If you would like to send the log output to a file you can set the path below. # This will also turn off the STDOUT log output. # log_file: ./kibana.log # Plugins that are included in the build, and no longer found in the plugins/ folder bundled_plugin_ids: - plugins/dashboard/index - plugins/discover/index - plugins/doc/index - plugins/kibana/index - plugins/markdown_vis/index - plugins/metric_vis/index - plugins/settings/index - plugins/table_vis/index - plugins/vis_types/index - plugins/visualize/index

JVM调优

#修改elasticsearch.in.sh vi /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch.in.sh if [ "x$ES_MIN_MEM" = "x" ]; then ES_MIN_MEM=1g fi if [ "x$ES_MAX_MEM" = "x" ]; then ES_MAX_MEM=1g