vim入门使用与配置

vim相关知识积累，持续更新中。

常用操作

一般模式

• n1,n2s/word1/word2/gn1行与n2行间寻找word1，替换为word2
• 1,$s/word1/word2/g第一行到最后一行寻找word1，替换为word2
• N[Enter] 向下移动n行
• 0 : 移动到该行最后一个字符
• $ : 移动到该行第一个字符
• G : 最后一行
• gg : 首行
• x&X: x相当于[Del],X相当于[Backspace]
• dd : 删除该行
• yy : 复制该行
• nyy: 向下复制n行
• p&P: p贴到下一行，P贴到上一行
• u : 复原前一个操作
• / : 查找,可使用【n】键(next),在结果间跳转

切换到命令行

• :!command 暂时离开执行command的显示结果
• set nu 显示行号

块选择

按下v或者V或者[Ctrl]-v时，这个时候光标经过的地方会开始反白，y键可复制，d键可删除

替换文本中指定字符

在命令模式下

:%s/需要被替换的字符/新的字符/g

% 为正则表达式，表示文本结束，s 为 substitute 首字符，g 表示全局

环境设置与记录

vim的环境设置参数有很多，如果你想要知道目前的设置值，可以再一般模式时输入set all来查阅，不过设置选项实在太多了，在这里列出一些平时比较常用的一些简单的设置值

也可以通过配置文件来直观规定我们习惯的vim操作环境。整个vim的设置值一般是放置在/etc/vimrc这个文件中，不过，不建议直接修改它。建议修改文件~/.vimrc这个文件（默认不存在，请自行手动创建），将希望的设置值列入。

set hlsearch        "高亮度反白
set backspace=2     "课随时用退格键删除
set autoindent      "自动缩排
set ruler           "课显示最后一行的状态
set showmode        "左下角那一行的状态
set nu              "行号
set bg=dark         "显示不同的底色色调
syntax on           "语法高亮

一份不错的 vim 环境配置文件

"basic imap yy <Esc> set nu syntax on set tabstop=4 set softtabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 set autoindent set cindent set cinoptions={0,1s,t0,n-2,p2s,(03s,=.5s,>1s,=1s,:1s map <C-a> "+yG
map <C-x> "+p "tab shortcut
map <A-1> 1gt
map <A-1> 2gt
map <A-1> 3gt
map <A-1> 4gt
map <A-1> 5gt
map <A-1> 6gt
map <A-1> 7gt
map <A-1> 8gt
map <A-1> 9gt

"window shortcut map <C-h> <C-w>h map <C-j> <C-w>j map <C-k> <C-w>k map <C-l> <C-w>l "color scheme
set t_Co=256
colorscheme desertEx

"encoding set encoding=utf-8 set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,gbk,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1 if has("win32") set fileencoding=chinese " fix menu gibberish
    source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
    source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
    " fix console gibberish language messages zh_CN.utf-8 else set termencoding=utf-8 set fileencoding=utf-8 endif "tags
map <F5> :!ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .<CR>
"/usr/include/tags if has("win32") set tags+=E:\workspace\linux\tags " tags for /usr/include/
else
    set tags+=/usr/include/tags " tags for /usr/include/ endif set tags+=tags " tags for current project

"omnioppcoplete set nocp filetype plugin on set completeopt=longest,menu " I really HATE the preview window!!!
let OmniCpp_NameSpaceSearch=1     " 0: namespaces disabled " 1: search namespaces in the current buffer [default]
                                  " 2: search namespaces in the current buffer and in included files let OmniCpp_GlobalScopeSearch=1 " 0: disabled 1:enabled
let OmniCpp_ShowAccess=1          " 1: show access let OmniCpp_ShowPrototypeInAbbr=1 " 1: display prototype in abbreviation
let OmniCpp_MayCompleteArrow=1    " autocomplete after -> let OmniCpp_MayCompleteDot=1 " autocomplete after .
let OmniCpp_MayCompleteScope=1    " autocomplete after :: autocmd FileType python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete autocmd FileType javascript set omnifunc=javascriptcomplete#CompleteJS autocmd FileType html set omnifunc=htmlcomplete#CompleteTags autocmd FileType css set omnifunc=csscomplete#CompleteCSS autocmd FileType xml set omnifunc=xmlcomplete#CompleteTags autocmd FileType php set omnifunc=phpcomplete#CompletePHP autocmd FileType c set omnifunc=ccomplete#Complete "compile
if(has("win32") || has("win95") || has("win64") || has("win16"))
    let g:iswindows=1
else
    let g:iswindows=0
endif
"单个文件编译 map <F9> :call Do_OneFileMake()<CR> function Do_OneFileMake() if expand("%:p:h")!=getcwd() echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! This file is not in the current dir! Press <F7> to redirect to the dir of this file." | echohl None return endif let sourcefileename=expand("%:t") if (sourcefileename=="" || (&filetype!="cpp" && &filetype!="c")) echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! Please select the right file!" | echohl None return endif let deletedspacefilename=substitute(sourcefileename,' ','','g') if strlen(deletedspacefilename)!=strlen(sourcefileename) echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! Please delete the spaces in the filename!" | echohl None return endif if &filetype=="c" if g:iswindows==1 set makeprg=gcc\ -o\ %<.exe\ % else set makeprg=gcc\ -o\ %<\ % endif elseif &filetype=="cpp" if g:iswindows==1 set makeprg=g++\ -o\ %<.exe\ % else set makeprg=g++\ -o\ %<\ % endif "elseif &filetype=="cs"
        "set makeprg=csc\ \/nologo\ \/out:%<.exe\ % endif if(g:iswindows==1) let outfilename=substitute(sourcefileename,'\(\.[^.]*\)' ,'.exe','g') let toexename=outfilename else let outfilename=substitute(sourcefileename,'\(\.[^.]*\)' ,'','g') let toexename=outfilename endif if filereadable(outfilename) if(g:iswindows==1) let outdeletedsuccess=delete(getcwd()."\\".outfilename) else let outdeletedsuccess=delete("./".outfilename) endif if(outdeletedsuccess!=0) set makeprg=make echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! I cannot delete the ".outfilename | echohl None return endif endif execute "silent make" set makeprg=make execute "normal :" if filereadable(outfilename) if(g:iswindows==1) execute "!".toexename else execute "!./".toexename endif endif execute "copen" endfunction "进行make的设置
map <F6> :call Do_make()<CR>
map <c-F6> :silent make clean<CR>
function Do_make()
    set makeprg=make
    execute "silent make"
    execute "copen"
endfunction


"debug map <F8> :call Do_OneFileDebug()<CR> function Do_OneFileDebug() if expand("%:p:h")!=getcwd() echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! This file is not in the current dir! Press <F7> to redirect to the dir of this file." | echohl None return endif let sourcefileename=expand("%:t") if (sourcefileename=="" || (&filetype!="cpp" && &filetype!="c")) echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! Please select the right file!" | echohl None return endif let deletedspacefilename=substitute(sourcefileename,' ','','g') if strlen(deletedspacefilename)!=strlen(sourcefileename) echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! Please delete the spaces in the filename!" | echohl None return endif if &filetype=="c" if g:iswindows==1 set makeprg=gcc\ -g\ -o\ %<.exe\ % else set makeprg=gcc\ -g\ -o\ %<\ % endif elseif &filetype=="cpp" if g:iswindows==1 set makeprg=g++\ -g\ -o\ %<.exe\ % else set makeprg=g++\ -g\ -o\ %<\ % endif "elseif &filetype=="cs"
        "set makeprg=csc\ \/nologo\ \/out:%<.exe\ % endif if(g:iswindows==1) let outfilename=substitute(sourcefileename,'\(\.[^.]*\)' ,'.exe','g') let toexename=outfilename else let outfilename=substitute(sourcefileename,'\(\.[^.]*\)' ,'','g') let toexename=outfilename endif if filereadable(outfilename) if(g:iswindows==1) let outdeletedsuccess=delete(getcwd()."\\".outfilename) else let outdeletedsuccess=delete("./".outfilename) endif if(outdeletedsuccess!=0) set makeprg=make echohl WarningMsg | echo "Fail to make! I cannot delete the ".outfilename | echohl None return endif endif execute "silent make" set makeprg=make execute "normal :" if filereadable(outfilename) if(g:iswindows==1) execute "!gdb\ ".toexename else execute "!gdb\ ./".toexename endif endif execute "copen" endfunction