1,MySQL权限体系
mysql 的权限体系大致分为5个层级:
全局层级:
全局权限适用于一个给定服务器中的所有数据库。这些权限存储在mysql.user表中。GRANT ALL ON .和REVOKE ALL ON .只授予和撤销全局权限。
数据库层级:
数据库权限适用于一个给定数据库中的所有目标。这些权限存储在mysql.db表中。GRANT ALL ON db_name.和REVOKE ALL ON db_name.只授予和撤销数据库权限。
表层级:
表权限适用于一个给定表中的所有列。这些权限存储在mysql.talbes_priv表中。GRANT ALL ON db_name.tbl_name和REVOKE ALL ON db_name.tbl_name只授予和撤销表权限。
列层级:
列权限适用于一个给定表中的单一列。这些权限存储在mysql.columns_priv表中。当使用REVOKE时,您必须指定与被授权列相同的列。
子程序层级:
CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE和GRANT权限适用于已存储的子程序。这些权限可以被授予为全局层级和数据库层级。而且,除了CREATE ROUTINE外,这些权限可以被授予为子程序层级,并存储在mysql.procs_priv表中。
这些权限信息存储在下面的系统表中:
mysql.user
mysql.db
mysql.host
mysql.table_priv
mysql.column_priv
mysql. procs_priv
当用户连接进来,mysqld会通过上面的这些表对用户权限进行验证!
2, 千里追踪之5表
相对于oracle来说,mysql的特性是可以限制ip,用户user、ip地址host、密码passwd这3个是用户管理的基础,权限的细节基本在mysql.user、mysql.db、mysql.host、mysql.table_priv、mysql.column_priv这几张表就可以看到很多细节,接下来仔细分析这些表就可以知道权限的奥秘。
<版权所有,文章允许转载,但必须以链接方式注明源地址,否则追究法律责任!>
原博客地址: http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/45921045
原作者:黄杉 (mchdba)
演示过程中需要建立用户来演示,先简单介绍下如何创建用户:
GRANT priv_type ON database.table
TO user[IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] ‘password’]
[,user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] ‘password’]…]
示例:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON d3307.* TO zengxiaoteng@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘0523’;
2.1db表
2.1.1 表结构如下:
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<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
>mysql>
desc
mysql.db;
+
-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type |
Null
|
Key
|
Default
| Extra |
+
-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host |
char
(60) |
NO
| PRI | | |
| Db |
char
(64) |
NO
| PRI | | |
|
User
|
char
(16) |
NO
| PRI | | |
| Select_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| References_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Index_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Event_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
+
-----------------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
22
rows
in
set
(0.02 sec)
mysql></code>
|
2.1.2分析如下:
db表存储了所有对一个数据库的所有操作权限。创建用户的时候,都会往Host字段,User字段,Password字段录入用户信息;
而当执行 GRANT SELECT,INSERT ON d3307.* TO u4@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘u40523’;类似的授权语句的话,Select_priv和Insert_priv字段的值会变成Y其它字段仍然是N;
当你执行了GRANT ALL ON d3307.* TO u4@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘u40523’;类似的复制语句的话,后面的字段都会变成Y的值;
2.1.3 创建单个select、insert授予权限
创建用户:
1
|
<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
>
GRANT
SELECT
,
INSERT
ON
d3307.*
TO
user4@
'192.168.52'
IDENTIFIED
BY
'user0523'
;</code></code>
|
应该除了Host、db、user字段有值,除了Select_priv、Insert_priv值为Y外,其它的都是N。
查看mysql.db表的记录正是如此,如下所示:
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<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
>mysql>
SELECT
*
FROM
mysql.`db`
where
user
=
'user4'
\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.52
Db: d3307
User
: user4
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No
query specified
mysql></code></code></code>
|
2.1.4 授予ALL权限
执行sql语句建立用户:
1
|
<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
>
GRANT
ALL
ON
d3307.*
TO
dba5@
'192.168.52.1'
IDENTIFIED
BY
'dba0523'
;</code></code></code></code>
|
建立用户的时候,如下所示,除了Host、db、user字段外,所有的*_priv字段记录都会变成Y值,(Grant_priv仍然是N值除非加了WITH* GRANT OPTION执行GRANT ALL ON d3307.* TO dba5@’192.168.52.1’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘dba0523’ WITH GRANT OPTION ;)
如下所示:
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<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
>mysql>
SELECT
*
FROM
mysql.`db`
where
user
=
'dba5'
\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.52.1
Db: d3307
User
: dba5
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No
query specified
mysql></code></code></code></code></code>
|
2.2 user表
2.2.1 表结构:
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<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
>mysql>
desc
mysql.
user
;
+
------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type |
Null
|
Key
|
Default
| Extra |
+
------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host |
char
(60) |
NO
| PRI | | |
|
User
|
char
(16) |
NO
| PRI | | |
|
Password
|
char
(41) |
NO
| | | |
| Select_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Process_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| File_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| References_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Index_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Super_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Event_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
| ssl_type | enum(
''
,
'ANY'
,
'X509'
,
'SPECIFIED'
) |
NO
| | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob |
NO
| |
NULL
| |
| x509_issuer | blob |
NO
| |
NULL
| |
| x509_subject | blob |
NO
| |
NULL
| |
| max_questions |
int
(11) unsigned |
NO
| | 0 | |
| max_updates |
int
(11) unsigned |
NO
| | 0 | |
| max_connections |
int
(11) unsigned |
NO
| | 0 | |
| max_user_connections |
int
(11) unsigned |
NO
| | 0 | |
| plugin |
char
(64) | YES | | | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | |
NULL
| |
| password_expired | enum(
'N'
,
'Y'
) |
NO
| | N | |
+
------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
43
rows
in
set
(0.10 sec)
mysql>
</code></code></code></code></code>
|
2.2.2 分析
存储用户记录的表,存储了用户的信息,每一次创建用户的时候,都会往这个表里录入记录,当你执行了,都会往Host字段,User字段,Password字段录入数据,但是后面的Select_priv、Insert_priv、Update_priv等字段的值,只有赋予GRANT ALL ON . TO timdba@’192.%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘timdba0523’;类似的对所有库的操作权限的时候才会被记录成Y,否则都记录成N。
2.2.3 创建对库所有表有操作权限的普通用户
创建用户:
1
|
<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
>
GRANT
SELECT
,
UPDATE
ON
d3307.*
TO
user6@
'192.168.52.1'
IDENTIFIED
BY
'user0523'
;</code></code></code></code></code></code>
|
分析结果:存储在mysql.user表里面的记录当中,Host、User、Password是有值的,但是其它的Select_priv等*_priv字段值都是N。
验证结果,去查看表里的存储记录,如下所示:
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<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
>mysql>
SELECT
*
FROM
mysql.
user
where
user
=
'user6'
\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: 192.168.52.1
User
: user6
Password
: *A4D1F6ACEBC5D3EB0F6D33C7DCC629E8BE55B75A
Select_priv: N
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string:
password_expired: N
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No
query specified
mysql></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
|
2.2.4 创建对于所有表有操作权限的用户
创建用户:
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2
3
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|
<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs lasso"
>mysql>
GRANT
SELECT
,
UPDATE
ON
*.*
TO
user7@
'%'
IDENTIFIED
BY
'user0523'
;
Query OK, 0
rows
affected (0.00 sec)
mysql></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
|
分析:
基本的Host、User、Password字段有记录值,然后grant了select和update所以关于*_priv字段中select和update字段有值为Y,其它*_priv字段值应该是N。
查看记录结果,分享正确,如下所示:
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|
<code class=
"hljs objectivec"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs markdown"
><code class=
"hljs sql"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
><code class=
"hljs lasso"
><code class=
"hljs mathematica"
>mysql>
SELECT
*
FROM
mysql.
user
where
user
=
'user7'
\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
User
: user7
Password
: *A4D1F6ACEBC5D3EB0F6D33C7DCC629E8BE55B75A
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string:
password_expired: N
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
|