概念:
蓝牙( Bluetooth® ):是一种无线技术标准,可实现固定设备、移动设备和楼宇个人域网之间的短距离数据交换(使用2.4—2.485GHz的ISM波段的UHF无线电波)。蓝牙技术最初由电信巨头爱立信公司于1994年创制,当时是作为RS232数据线的替代方案。蓝牙可连接多个设备,克服了数据同步的难题。
如今蓝牙由蓝牙技术联盟(Bluetooth Special Interest Group,简称SIG)管理。蓝牙技术联盟在全球拥有超过25,000家成员公司,它们分布在电信、计算机、网络、和消费电子等多重领域。IEEE将蓝牙技术列为IEEE 802.15.1,但如今已不再维持该标准。蓝牙技术联盟负责监督蓝牙规范的开发,管理认证项目,并维护商标权益。制造商的设备必须符合蓝牙技术联盟的标准才能以“蓝牙设备”的名义进入市场。蓝牙技术拥有一套专利网络,可发放给符合标准的设备。
操作:
权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
//获取默认的 bluetootAdapter BluetoothAdapter bluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
二、判断设备开起,更改设备信息
//当蓝牙开启时 if(bluetooth.isEnabled()){ //蓝牙地址 String address = bluetooth.getAddress(); //蓝牙名称 String name = bluetooth.getName(); Toast.makeText(this,"Address:"+address+" name:"+name,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); //蓝牙设备开启时并且添加 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限 可以对蓝牙进行名称设定 // bluetooth.setName("挖掘机哪家强"); //扫描蓝牙设备 blueToothScan(); }else{ //当蓝牙未开启时 Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙未开启",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); //弹出提示用户打开蓝牙 startActivityForResult(new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE), START_BLUETOOTH); }
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); //打开蓝牙返回 if(requestCode== START_BLUETOOTH &&resultCode==RESULT_OK){ Toast.makeText(this,"打开蓝牙",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
//注册蓝牙打开广播 registerReceiver(bluetoothState,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)); /** * 创建蓝牙监听广播 */ BroadcastReceiver bluetoothState = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, -1); int previousState = intent.getIntExtra( BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE, -1); // int state = bluetooth.getState(); switch (state){ case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON: //打开中 break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON: //已打开 break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF: //关闭中 break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF: //已关闭 break; } } };
//注册可被扫描广播 registerReceiver(bluetoothScan,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED)); //扫描状态广播 BroadcastReceiver bluetoothScan=new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { int prevMode = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_SCAN_MODE, -1); int scanMode = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_SCAN_MODE, -1); switch (scanMode){ case BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE: //启用查询扫描和页面扫描,意味着该设备可被任何执行发现扫描的蓝牙设备发现 break; case BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE: //启用页面扫描但禁用查询扫描。这意味着之前连接并绑定到本地设备的设备可以在发现过程中找到,但找不到新设备 break; case BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_NONE: //可发现性被关闭,再发现过程中没有一个远程设备能够找到本地设备 break; } } }; /** * 开始扫描 */ private void blueToothScan(){ int scanMode = bluetooth.getScanMode(); if(scanMode==BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_NONE){ //设置设备可以被发现 Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); //设置可发现时间 intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,60); startActivityForResult(intent, START_DISCOVERABLE); }else{ //是否正在扫描,正在扫描取消扫描 mDeviceAdapter.clearDevice(); if(!bluetooth.isDiscovering()){ bluetooth.startDiscovery(); }else{ //停止扫描 bluetooth.cancelDiscovery(); //开始扫描 bluetooth.startDiscovery(); } } }
//注册扫描开始 registerReceiver(discoveryMonitor,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED)); //注册扫描结束 registerReceiver(discoveryMonitor,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)); BroadcastReceiver discoveryMonitor = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED==intent.getAction()){ Log.i(TAG,"开始扫描 start"); }else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED==intent.getAction()){ Log.i(TAG,"结束扫描 finish"); } } };
//注册设备扫描结果 registerReceiver(discoveryResult,new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)); //扫描结果 BroadcastReceiver discoveryResult = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //名称 String remoteName = intent.getStringExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_NAME); //设备 BluetoothDevice remoteDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); mDeviceAdapter.addDevice(remoteDevice); } }
@Override protected void onDestroy() { unregisterReceiver(bluetoothState); unregisterReceiver(bluetoothScan); unregisterReceiver(discoveryMonitor); unregisterReceiver(discoveryResult); super.onDestroy(); }