Oracle 备份与恢复学习笔记（12）
第十二章： Catalog Database 目录库
1、catalog database 的功能
1）集中存放rman的资料库（备份的元数据），并且可以和target database 的controlfile同步
2）存放rman的备份脚本
2、catalog database 的配置
1）需要建立一个单独的database
02:43:21 SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string catdb
db_unique_name string catdb
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string catdb
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string catdb
02:43:30 SQL>
2）建立存放rman 元数据的tablespace
02:44:12 SQL> create tablespace cattbs
02:44:24 2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/catdb/cattbs01.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
3)建立user，用于管理rman，并授权
02:45:10 SQL> create user rman identified by rman default tablespace cattbs;
User created.
02:45:33 SQL> grant connect ,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
Grant succeeded.
4）启动listener ，链接catalog database
[oracle@work admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-AUG-2011 02:48:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=work)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-AUG-2011 02:47:31
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 29 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=work)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prod" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prodXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prod_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@work admin]$ rman catalog rman/rman@catdb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 19 02:49:05 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog; // 建立catalog 的对象
recovery catalog created
RMAN>
--------建立以下对象，存储rman 元数据
02:45:54 SQL> conn rman/rman
Connected.
02:50:16 SQL>
02:50:16 SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
NODE TABLE
DB TABLE
CONF TABLE
DBINC TABLE
CKP TABLE
TS TABLE
TSATT TABLE
DF TABLE
DFATT TABLE
TF TABLE
TFATT TABLE
OFFR TABLE
RR TABLE
RT TABLE
ORL TABLE
RLH TABLE
AL TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BS TABLE
BP TABLE
BCF TABLE
CCF TABLE
XCF TABLE
BSF TABLE
BDF TABLE
CDF TABLE
XDF TABLE
BRL TABLE
BCB TABLE
CCB TABLE
SCR TABLE
SCRL TABLE
CONFIG TABLE
XAL TABLE
RSR TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
FB TABLE
RC_DATABASE VIEW
RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION VIEW
RC_RESYNC VIEW
RC_CHECKPOINT VIEW
RC_TABLESPACE VIEW
RC_DATAFILE VIEW
RC_TEMPFILE VIEW
RC_REDO_THREAD VIEW
RC_REDO_LOG VIEW
RC_LOG_HISTORY VIEW
RC_ARCHIVED_LOG VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SET VIEW
RC_BACKUP_PIECE VIEW
RC_BACKUP_DATAFILE VIEW
RC_BACKUP_CONTROLFILE VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SPFILE VIEW
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
RC_DATAFILE_COPY VIEW
RC_CONTROLFILE_COPY VIEW
RC_BACKUP_REDOLOG VIEW
RC_BACKUP_CORRUPTION VIEW
RC_COPY_CORRUPTION VIEW
RC_OFFLINE_RANGE VIEW
RC_STORED_SCRIPT VIEW
RC_STORED_SCRIPT_LINE VIEW
RC_PROXY_DATAFILE VIEW
RC_PROXY_CONTROLFILE VIEW
RC_RMAN_CONFIGURATION VIEW
RC_DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION VIEW
RC_PROXY_ARCHIVEDLOG VIEW
RC_RMAN_STATUS VIEW
ROUT TABLE
RC_RMAN_OUTPUT VIEW
RCVER TABLE
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
RC_BACKUP_FILES VIEW
RC_RMAN_BACKUP_SUBJOB_DETAILS VIEW
RC_RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SET_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_PIECE_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_COPY_DETAILS VIEW
RC_PROXY_COPY_DETAILS VIEW
RC_PROXY_ARCHIVELOG_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_DATAFILE_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_CONTROLFILE_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SPFILE_DETAILS VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SET_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_BACKUP_DATAFILE_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_BACKUP_CONTROLFILE_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_BACKUP_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_BACKUP_SPFILE_SUMMARY VIEW
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
RC_BACKUP_COPY_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_PROXY_COPY_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_PROXY_ARCHIVELOG_SUMMARY VIEW
RC_UNUSABLE_BACKUPFILE_DETAILS VIEW
RC_RMAN_BACKUP_TYPE VIEW
90 rows selected.
02:50:19 SQL>
--------注册目标库（将目标库controlfile的rman 元数据 同步到 catalog database）
[oracle@work admin]$ rman target / catalog rman/rman@catdb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 19 02:52:19 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=170319990)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> register database;
database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
---------------查看注册信息
02:50:19 SQL> desc rc_database;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------------------------------------------
DB_KEY NOT NULL NUMBER
DBINC_KEY NUMBER
DBID NOT NULL NUMBER
NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(8)
RESETLOGS_CHANGE# NOT NULL NUMBER
RESETLOGS_TIME NOT NULL DATE
02:54:28 SQL> select * from rc_database;
DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS
---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ----------------- ---------
1 2 170319990 PROD 1452590 19-AUG-11
02:54:34 SQL>
----------利用catalog database存放rman 脚本
1）创建脚本（replace 是修改已经存在的脚本）
RMAN> create script users_bak {
2> backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf' format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak';
3> }
created script users_bak
2）查看脚本信息
RMAN> print script users_bak;
printing stored script: users_bak
{backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf' format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak';
}
------通过catalog database 查看
03:02:45 SQL> col SCRIPT_NAME for a30
03:02:54 SQL> col SCRIPT_COMMENT for a50
03:03:01 SQL>
1* select * from RC_STORED_SCRIPT
DB_KEY DB_NAME SCRIPT_NAME SCRIPT_COMMENT
---------- -------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
1 PROD users_bak
03:03:23 SQL> col text for a50
03:03:30 SQL>
1* select * from RC_STORED_SCRIPT_LINE
DB_KEY SCRIPT_NAME LINE TEXT
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 users_bak 1 {backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/us
ers01.dbf' format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak';
1 users_bak 2 }
3）运行脚本
RMAN> run { execute script users_bak;}
4） 删除脚本
RMAN> delete script users_bak;
deleted script: users_bak
验证catalog的恢复功能：
1、建立catalog库，并注册target database和同步catalog db
-----建立数据库的备份
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ rman target / catalog rman/rman@catdb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 19 11:43:13 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=187338998)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> backup database format '/disk1/rman/prod/cold_bak/%d_%s.bak';
Starting backup at 19-FEB-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 19-FEB-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 19-FEB-12
piece handle=/disk1/rman/prod/cold_bak/PROD_71.bak tag=TAG20120219T114346 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
Finished backup at 19-FEB-12
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-FEB-12
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2012_02_19/o1_mf_s_775655094_7n0w1qr5_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-FEB-12
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
389 Full 597.17M DISK 00:01:01 19-FEB-12
BP Key: 390 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120219T114346
Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/cold_bak/PROD_71.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 389
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
2 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
5 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
6 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
405 Full 7.27M DISK 00:00:02 19-FEB-12
BP Key: 412 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120219T114454
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2012_02_19/o1_mf_s_775655094_7n0w1qr5_.bkp
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 634074 Ckp time: 19-FEB-12
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 19-FEB-12
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
2、模拟target database 被破坏，所有的controlfile丢失，重建控制文件
10:53:47 SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control03.ctl
11:47:36 SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
11:47:52 SQL> !
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ ls -lt /u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/udump/
total 556
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7759 Feb 19 11:47 prod_ora_7588.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 736 Feb 19 11:44 prod_ora_12464.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 708 Feb 19 11:31 prod_ora_12034.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 737 Feb 19 11:28 prod_ora_11849.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 17460 Feb 19 10:53 prod_ora_7566.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 714 Feb 19 10:51 prod_ora_7563.trc
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ more /u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/udump/prod_ora_7588.trc
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 19 11:49:23 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
11:49:23 SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
11:50:01 SQL> !
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/*.ctl
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ !sql
sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 19 11:50:26 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
11:50:26 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 184549376 bytes
Fixed Size 1218412 bytes
Variable Size 71305364 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
11:50:57 20 ;
Control file created.
11:50:59 SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
11:51:20 SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
11:51:32 SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf
6 rows selected.
11:51:43 SQL>
3、新的控制文件中的rman 备份的元数据丢失，无法查看到备份信息
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 19 11:51:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=187338998)
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
4、连接到catalog db 库，恢复rman的元数据
[oracle@rh4 ~]$ rman target / catalog rman/rman@catdb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 19 11:52:06 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=187338998)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> list backup;
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
389 Full 597.17M DISK 00:01:01 19-FEB-12
BP Key: 390 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120219T114346
Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/cold_bak/PROD_71.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 389
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
2 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
5 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
6 Full 634042 19-FEB-12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/lxtbs1.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
405 Full 7.27M DISK 00:00:02 19-FEB-12
BP Key: 412 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120219T114454
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2012_02_19/o1_mf_s_775655094_7n0w1qr5_.bkp
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 634074 Ckp time: 19-FEB-12
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 19-FEB-12
starting full resync of recovery catalog
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