Servlet学习笔记--生成网站表单验证码

一、知识点
1、原理:要生成验证码,一般是首先生成随机字符串,然后将随机字符串描绘成图片的形式输出。
2、验证码的作用:参考:http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=WXmjEr4b-Xh5ps8Yv-8A3r0EK5dE8jh0G52U-kEh6McHcMchquHFfsOX1AchvImkoWNB8nUny9o3Nv0GTfFtha 。
3、可以在表单中使用<img>标签的src属性来调试ValidateCodeServlet类来生成验证码,src属性中的值对应的是类名。例子:<img src="ValidateCodeServlet" />

二、例子代码
1、ValidateCodeServlet.java

package com.code;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7949003651752048970L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        //禁止页面缓存
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "No-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应正文的MIME类型为图片
        int width = 65;
        int height = 25;
        /* 创建一个位于缓存中的图片,宽度为65,高度为20*/
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//获取用于处理图形上下文的对象,相当于画笔
        Random random = new Random();//创建生成随机数的对象
        g.setColor(getRandomColor(180,250));//设置图像的背景色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);//画一个矩形,坐标为(0,0),宽度为width,高度为height
        g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.PLAIN, 23));//设定字体格式
        for (int i = 0; i < 150; i++) {//产生150条随机干扰线
            int x = random.nextInt(width);
            int y = random.nextInt(height);
            int xl = random.nextInt(12);
            int yl = random.nextInt(12);
            g.drawLine(x, y, xl, yl);//在图像的坐标(x,y)和坐标(x+xl, y+yl)之间画干扰线
        }
        String strCode = "";//定义一个字符串,用于保存此次生成的验证码
        for(int i=0; i<4; i++){
            String strNumber = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));//随机产生一个小于10的数,并转化为string型
            strCode += strNumber;
            g.setColor(new Color(15+random.nextInt(120) , 15+random.nextInt(120) , 15+random.nextInt(120)));//设置字体的颜色
            g.drawString(strNumber, 13*i+6, 20);//依次将验证码画到图画上,坐标为(x=13*i+6 , y=20)
        }
        request.getSession().setAttribute("code", strCode);//将验证码保存到session中
        g.dispose();//释放此图像的上下文以及它使用的所有系统资源
        ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());//输出JPEG格式的图像
        response.getOutputStream().flush();//刷新输出流
        response.getOutputStream().close();//关闭输出流

    }
    /*获取随机颜色方法*/
    private Color getRandomColor(int fc, int bc) {//fc为前景色;bc为背景色 
        Random random = new Random();
        Color randomColor = null;
        if(fc > 255) fc = 255;
        if(bc > 255) bc = 255;
        int red = random.nextInt(bc - fc);//设置0~255之间的随机数
        int green = random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int blue = random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        randomColor = new Color(red,green,blue);
        return randomColor;//返回具有指定红色、绿色和蓝色值的不透明的sRGB颜色
    }

}

2、在web.xml中配置ValidateCodeServlet

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.code.ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/ValidateCodeServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3、index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); %>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">

    <script type="text/javascript"> function myReload(){ document.getElementById("createCheckCode").src=document.getElementById("createCheckCode").src + "?nocache="+new Date().getTime(); } </script>  
</head>

<body>

    <form action="RegServlet" method="post" onsubmit="return reg(this);">
        <table align="center">
            <tr>
                <td>用户ID</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="userID" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>用户姓名</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="username" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td><input type="password" name="password" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td><img id="createCheckCode" src="ValidateCodeServlet" /> <a href="" onClick="myReload()">看不清,换一个</a></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>输入验证码</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="code"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td><input type="reset" value="重置" /></td>
                <td>&nbsp;<input type="submit" value="注册" /></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

4、效果图
Servlet学习笔记--生成网站表单验证码_第1张图片

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