Android View初始化基本流程
Android View初始化基本流程
问题起因是来源于困扰我的一个问题，前段时间研究了View的绘制流程，突然想搞明白Activity中是如何启动view的绘制。所以就去学习了Activity的源码。
首先看一张Activity的界面关系图：
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);
}
}我们就从这里开始，我们通过setContentView方法设置Activity的显示view视图。那这个方法里做了什么呢？
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}这个方法用于设置activity的content（内容）视图，设置给谁呢？这里就需要看看getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);到底搞的什么鬼？
public Window getWindow() {
return mWindow;
}getWindow方法返回一个Window对象mWindow，这个对象是怎么来的呢？在哪里实例化的呢？我们继续在Activity的源码中寻找，找到final类型的attach方法，我们只看我们需要的部分。
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
Configuration config, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
....
mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);
mWindow.setCallback(this);
mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
}
if (info.uiOptions != 0) {
mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
}
...
mWindow.setWindowManager(
(WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
(info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
if (mParent != null) {
mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow());
}
mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
...
}在这个方法中，进行了mWindow的创建，同时对mWindow进行设置一些监听操作，最后为这个Window对象设置了WindowManager。我们着重看下mWindow对象的创建。 首先我们必须明白，Window类是一个抽象类，在mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);这里就涉及到一个类PolicyManager类，这个类设计很简单，就是用于创建一些与Window有关的对象。
public final class PolicyManager {
private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME =
"com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";
private static final IPolicy sPolicy;
static {
// Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time
try {
Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);
sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be loaded", ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);
}
}
// Cannot instantiate this class
private PolicyManager() {}
// The static methods to spawn new policy-specific objects
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
}
public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context);
}
public static WindowManagerPolicy makeNewWindowManager() {
return sPolicy.makeNewWindowManager();
}
public static FallbackEventHandler makeNewFallbackEventHandler(Context context) {
return sPolicy.makeNewFallbackEventHandler(context);
}
}这段源码是我截取的api15版本上的，api15以后PolicyManager类的实现就发生了改变，如下截取自api22
public class PolicyManager {
public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
// this will likely crash somewhere beyond so we log it.
Bridge.getLog().error(LayoutLog.TAG_UNSUPPORTED,
"Call to PolicyManager.makeNewWindow is not supported", null);
return null;
}
public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {
return new BridgeInflater(context, RenderAction.getCurrentContext().getProjectCallback());
}
public static WindowManagerPolicy makeNewWindowManager() {
// this will likely crash somewhere beyond so we log it.
Bridge.getLog().error(LayoutLog.TAG_UNSUPPORTED,
"Call to PolicyManager.makeNewWindowManager is not supported", null);
return null;
}
public static FallbackEventHandler makeNewFallbackEventHandler(Context context) {
return new FallbackEventHandler() {
@Override
public void setView(View v) {
}
@Override
public void preDispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
}
@Override
public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
return false;
}
};
}
}我们先来分析api15里的源码，在PolicyManager类是一个final类，它中包含一个IPolicy接口的引用，然后调用该引用的sPolicy.makeNewWindow()方法进行创建一个PhoneWindow对象。在api15以后这段代码就发生改变，这个方法里面返回为null，我一直没搞懂这个原因？希望各位多多指导一下。
饶了半天，我们最后得知Activity里的mWindow最后是一个PhoneWindow对象。下面开始我们的继续前进，回到setContentView()方法中，在这个方法中mWindow调用setContentView方法设置我们设置的ResourceID，本质就是调用PhoneWindow对象的setContentView()方法，我们来谈个究竟。
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}在这个方法中，首先判断mContentParent对象是否为空，这里我们需要注意下这个对象，这个对象是一个ViewGroup类型，它就是我们window内容要放置的地方，这里我们需要明白另外一个对象DecorView，它是包含在PhoneWindow对象中的一个顶级视图，是PhoneWindow中的一个内部类，PhoneWindow类中持有它的一个引用，private DecorView mDecor;所以最终我们的mContentParent会转换为DecorView对象。这句话不理解没关系，我们接着往下看。如何这个mContentView为null，系统调用installDecor()方法。由于这个方法太长，我就简要说下里面的流程：首先这个方法判断mDecor是否为null，如果为null就通过generateDecor()方法生成一个对象，然后判断mContentParent这个ViewGroup对象是否为null，如果为null，调用generateLayout(mDecor)方法进行生成一个mContentParent对象，在这个方法中有这么一段代码：
View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);在这里实例化我们的mContentParent对象。执行完installDecor()方法后，判断window是否设置了FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS，如果没有，就对我们设置的ResourceID进行 mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent)。
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root) {
return inflate(parser, root, root != null);
}在inflate方法中调用inflate的重载函数，进行xml文件的解析。
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");
final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
View result = root;
try {
// Look for the root node.
int type;
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
// Empty
}
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": No start tag found!");
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println("Creating root view: "
+ name);
System.out.println("**************************");
}
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
}
rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false);
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
View temp;
if (TAG_1995.equals(name)) {
temp = new BlinkLayout(mContext, attrs);
} else {
temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs);
}
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
root);
}
// Create layout params that match root, if supplied
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
}
// Inflate all children under temp
rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true);
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
}
// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
// to root. Do that now.
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
// top view found in xml.
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());
ex.initCause(e);
throw ex;
} catch (IOException e) {
InflateException ex = new InflateException(
parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": " + e.getMessage());
ex.initCause(e);
throw ex;
} finally {
// Don't retain static reference on context.
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
}
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
return result;
}
}在这个方法里，首先判断xml文件是否为空等一些列的判断，然后调用rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false);方法实行真正的解析。
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs,
boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
} else if (TAG_1995.equals(name)) {
final View view = new BlinkLayout(mContext, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
if (finishInflate) parent.onFinishInflate();
}这里我们就可以直白的看到系统利用XmlPullParser对象进行xml文件的解析。根据对应的节点去生成响应的view，然后添加，这样就走到了view的创建流程。