【精】ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: 解决方法

今天登陆到数据库做了一个小测试后 忘记了用命令删除表空间，直接在Linux下删掉了数据文件，

结果，悲剧就开始了。(弄明白了整理出来大家共同study)

实验环境：

[oracle@tyger ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.6 (Tikanga)
[oracle@tyger ~]$ . .bash_profile 
[oracle@tyger ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 1 15:54:53 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.




Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options


SYS@ORCL>select status from v$instance;


STATUS
------------
OPEN


SYS@ORCL>select * from v$version;


BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

查看一下当前数据库中的数据文件有哪些 

用到 数据字典  （dba_data_files        dba_tablespaces   )  和    v$datafile

SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERS
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf


SYSAUX
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf


UNDOTBS1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf




TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf


EXAMPLE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf


SYS@ORCL>col file_name for a50
SYS@ORCL>col tablespace_name for a10
SYS@ORCL>/


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,status,contents from dba_tablespaces;


TABLESPACE STATUS    CONTENTS
---------- --------- ---------
SYSTEM     ONLINE    PERMANENT
UNDOTBS1   ONLINE    UNDO
SYSAUX     ONLINE    PERMANENT
TEMP       ONLINE    TEMPORARY
USERS      ONLINE    PERMANENT
EXAMPLE    ONLINE    PERMANENT


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>select file#,ts#,name from v$datafile;


     FILE#        TS#
---------- ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1          0
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf


         2          1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf


         3          2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf




     FILE#        TS#
---------- ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         4          4
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf


         5          6
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf




SYS@ORCL>col name for a50
SYS@ORCL>l
  1* select file#,ts#,name from v$datafile
SYS@ORCL>/


     FILE#        TS# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1          0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
         2          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
         3          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
         4          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
         5          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf

开始创建测试表空间 tyger  存储位置  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf' 大小为 5M。

SYS@ORCL>create tablespace tyger datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf' size 5M;


Tablespace created.


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name,status from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME                                          STATUS
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------
USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf           AVAILABLE
SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf          AVAILABLE
UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf         AVAILABLE
SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf          AVAILABLE
EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf         AVAILABLE
TYGER      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf           AVAILABLE


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>!
[oracle@tyger ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ORCL/
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ ll
total 1068456
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:06 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:06 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:06 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Mar  1 15:47 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 15:47 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 16:06 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 15:47 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 Mar  1 16:05 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Mar  1 16:05 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Mar  1 08:42 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Mar  1 16:03 tyger01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Mar  1 16:05 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Mar  1 15:47 users01.dbf

[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ rm tyger01.dbf      ----------干掉 tyger01.dbf 
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ ll
total 1063316
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:08 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:08 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 Mar  1 16:08 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Mar  1 15:47 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 15:47 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 16:08 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Mar  1 15:47 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 Mar  1 16:05 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Mar  1 16:05 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Mar  1 08:42 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Mar  1 16:08 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Mar  1 15:47 users01.dbf
[oracle@tyger ORCL]$ exit

SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,file_name,status from dba_data_files;


TABLESPACE FILE_NAME                                          STATUS
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------
USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf           AVAILABLE
SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf          AVAILABLE
UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf         AVAILABLE
SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf          AVAILABLE
EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf         AVAILABLE
TYGER      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf           AVAILABLE           ------- 数据库中还存在是因为没有识别到文件丢失


6 rows selected.

SYS@ORCL>shutdown immediate
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel     这个错误也有很多原因，这里不做讨论




SYS@ORCL>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@tyger ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 1 16:11:27 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.                                  --------很显然已经连接到了空闲实例


SYS@ORCL>startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size             125830736 bytes
Database Buffers          155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf'                  ---------good !  问题出现了。




解决办法：

如果表空间中还有其他数据文件能正常使用，这时我们就将损坏的数据文件脱机

SYS@ORCL>alter database datafile 6 offline drop;


Database altered.

将损坏的数据文件脱机后，就不会在影响数据库的打开了，现在打开数据库
SYS@ORCL>alter database open;


Database altered.


SYS@ORCL>select ts#,file#,name from v$datafile;


       TS#      FILE# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
         0          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
         1          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
         2          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
         4          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
         6          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
         8          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/tyger01.dbf


6 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;


TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
TYGER                          ONLINE


7 rows selected.


SYS@ORCL>drop tablespace tyger including contents and datafiles;


Tablespace dropped.


SYS@ORCL>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ORCL>startup
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218992 bytes
Variable Size             130025040 bytes
Database Buffers          150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.