STL源码剖析 [容器]（一）[stl_vector.h]
第三章讲的是迭代器，迭代器是将数据和算法很好的连接起来，接下来就学学存放数据的容器。
STL的容器可以分为以下几个大类:
一：序列容器， 有vector, list, deque, string.
二 :关联容器, 有set, multiset, map, mulmap，hash_set,hash_map, hash_multiset, hash_multimap
三:其他的杂项： stack, queue, valarray, bitset
先看看vector的使用说明：
vector具有内存自动管理的功能，对于元素的插入和删除，可以动态调整所占的内存空间。关于详细的参数说明请见我的前面阐述http://blog.csdn.net/langb2014/article/details/47952143
stl_vector.h 源码：
/*
*
* Copyright (c) 1994
* Hewlett-Packard Company
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
* and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
* provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
* that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
* in supporting documentation. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
* representations about the suitability of this software for any
* purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
*
*
* Copyright (c) 1996
* Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
* and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
* provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
* that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
* in supporting documentation. Silicon Graphics makes no
* representations about the suitability of this software for any
* purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
*/
/* NOTE: This is an internal header file, included by other STL headers.
* You should not attempt to use it directly.
*/
#ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_VECTOR_H
#define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_VECTOR_H
__STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32)
#pragma set woff 1174
#endif
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 默认allocator为alloc, 其具体使用版本请参照<stl_alloc.h>
template <class T, class Alloc = alloc>
class vector
{
public:
// 标记为'STL标准强制要求'的typedefs用于提供iterator_traits<I>支持
typedef T value_type; // STL标准强制要求
typedef value_type* pointer; // STL标准强制要求
typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
// 由于vector的特性, 一般我们实作的时候都分配给其连续的内存空间,
// 所以其迭代器只需要定义成原生指针即可满足需要
typedef value_type* iterator; // STL标准强制要求
typedef const value_type* const_iterator;
typedef value_type& reference; // STL标准强制要求
typedef const value_type& const_reference;
typedef size_t size_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type; // STL标准强制要求
#ifdef __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
typedef reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
#else /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */
typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator, value_type, const_reference,
difference_type> const_reverse_iterator;
typedef reverse_iterator<iterator, value_type, reference, difference_type>
reverse_iterator;
#endif /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */
protected:
// 这个提供STL标准的allocator接口
typedef simple_alloc<value_type, Alloc> data_allocator;
iterator start; // 内存空间起始点
iterator finish; // 当前使用的内存空间结束点
iterator end_of_storage; // 实际分配内存空间的结束点
void insert_aux(iterator position, const T& x);
// 释放分配的内存空间
void deallocate()
{
// 由于使用的是data_allocator进行内存空间的分配,
// 所以需要同样嗲用data_allocator::deallocate()进行释放
// 如果直接释放, 对于data_allocator内部使用内存池的版本
// 就会发生错误
if (start) data_allocator::deallocate(start, end_of_storage - start);
}
void fill_initialize(size_type n, const T& value)
{
start = allocate_and_fill(n, value);
finish = start + n; // 设置当前使用内存空间的结束点
// 构造阶段, 此实作不多分配内存,
// 所以要设置内存空间结束点和, 已经使用的内存空间结束点相同
end_of_storage = finish;
}
public:
// 获取几种迭代器
iterator begin() { return start; }
const_iterator begin() const { return start; }
iterator end() { return finish; }
const_iterator end() const { return finish; }
reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
return const_reverse_iterator(end());
}
reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
}
// 返回当前对象个数
size_type size() const { return size_type(end() - begin()); }
size_type max_size() const { return size_type(-1) / sizeof(T); }
// 返回重新分配内存前最多能存储的对象个数
size_type capacity() const { return size_type(end_of_storage - begin()); }
bool empty() const { return begin() == end(); }
reference operator[](size_type n) { return *(begin() + n); }
const_reference operator[](size_type n) const { return *(begin() + n); }
// 本实作中默认构造出的vector不分配内存空间
vector() : start(0), finish(0), end_of_storage(0) {}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 本实作中给定个数和对象, 则只分配所需内存, 不会多分配
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// vector(size_type n, const T& value)
// ↓
// fill_initialize(n, value)
// ↓
// allocate_and_fill(n, value)
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(n) <stl_alloc.h>
// uninitialized_fill_n(result, n, x) <stl_uninitialized.h>
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
vector(size_type n, const T& value) { fill_initialize(n, value); }
vector(int n, const T& value) { fill_initialize(n, value); }
vector(long n, const T& value) { fill_initialize(n, value); }
// 需要对象提供默认构造函数
explicit vector(size_type n) { fill_initialize(n, T()); }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 复制构造, 同样不会多分配内存
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// vector(const vector<T, Alloc>& x)
// ↓
// allocate_and_copy(x.end() - x.begin(), x.begin(), x.end());
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(n) <stl_alloc.h>
// uninitialized_copy(first, last, result); <stl_uninitialized.h>
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
vector(const vector<T, Alloc>& x)
{
start = allocate_and_copy(x.end() - x.begin(), x.begin(), x.end());
finish = start + (x.end() - x.begin());
end_of_storage = finish;
}
// 复制指定区间的元素, 同样不多分配内存
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 复制一个区间进行构造, 可能会导致多分配内存
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
// ↓
// range_initialize(first, last, iterator_category(first));
// ↓
// for ( ; first != last; ++first)
// push_back(*first);
// 由于使用push_back()操作, 可能导致多次重复分配内存,个人感觉应该先
// data_allocator::allocate((last - first) * sizeof(T));
// 然后uninitialized_copy(first, last, result);
// 这样不会多分配内存， 也不会导致多次重新分配内存问题
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class InputIterator>
vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last) :
start(0), finish(0), end_of_storage(0)
{
range_initialize(first, last, iterator_category(first));
}
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 复制一个区间进行构造, 可能会导致多分配内存
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// vector(const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
// ↓
// distance(first, last, n);
// ↓
// allocate_and_copy(n, first, last);
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(n) <stl_alloc.h>
// uninitialized_copy(first, last, result); <stl_uninitialized.h>
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
vector(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
size_type n = 0;
distance(first, last, n);
start = allocate_and_copy(n, first, last);
finish = start + n;
end_of_storage = finish;
}
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
~vector()
{
// 析构对象
destroy(start, finish);
// 释放内存
deallocate();
}
vector<T, Alloc>& operator=(const vector<T, Alloc>& x);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 预留一定空间, 如果n < capacity(), 并不会减少空间
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// reserve(size_type n)
// ↓
// allocate_and_copy(n, start, finish)
// destroy(start, finish); <stl_construct.h>
// deallocate();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void reserve(size_type n)
{
if (capacity() < n) {
const size_type old_size = size();
iterator tmp = allocate_and_copy(n, start, finish);
destroy(start, finish);
deallocate();
start = tmp;
finish = tmp + old_size;
end_of_storage = start + n;
}
}
// 提供访问函数
reference front() { return *begin(); }
const_reference front() const { return *begin(); }
reference back() { return *(end() - 1); }
const_reference back() const { return *(end() - 1); }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 向容器尾追加一个元素, 可能导致内存重新分配
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// push_back(const T& x)
// |
// |---------------- 容量已满?
// |
// ----------------------------
// No | | Yes
// | |
// ↓ ↓
// construct(finish, x); insert_aux(end(), x);
// ++finish; |
// |------ 内存不足, 重新分配
// | 大小为原来的2倍
// new_finish = data_allocator::allocate(len); <stl_alloc.h>
// uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start); <stl_uninitialized.h>
// construct(new_finish, x); <stl_construct.h>
// ++new_finish;
// uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish); <stl_uninitialized.h>
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void push_back(const T& x)
{
// 内存满足条件则直接追加元素, 否则需要重新分配内存空间
if (finish != end_of_storage) {
construct(finish, x);
++finish;
}
else
insert_aux(end(), x);
}
// 交换两个vector, 实际上是交换内部的状态指针
void swap(vector<T, Alloc>& x)
{
__STD::swap(start, x.start);
__STD::swap(finish, x.finish);
__STD::swap(end_of_storage, x.end_of_storage);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 在指定位置插入元素
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// insert(iterator position, const T& x)
// |
// |------------ 容量是否足够 && 是否是end()?
// |
// -------------------------------------------
// No | | Yes
// | |
// ↓ ↓
// insert_aux(position, x); construct(finish, x);
// | ++finish;
// |-------- 容量是否够用?
// |
// --------------------------------------------------
// Yes | | No
// | |
// ↓ |
// construct(finish, *(finish - 1)); |
// ++finish; |
// T x_copy = x; |
// copy_backward(position, finish - 2, finish - 1); |
// *position = x_copy; |
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(len); <stl_alloc.h>
// uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start); <stl_uninitialized.h>
// construct(new_finish, x); <stl_construct.h>
// ++new_finish;
// uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish); <stl_uninitialized.h>
// destroy(begin(), end()); <stl_construct.h>
// deallocate();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
iterator insert(iterator position, const T& x)
{
size_type n = position - begin();
if (finish != end_of_storage && position == end()) {
construct(finish, x);
++finish;
}
else
insert_aux(position, x);
return begin() + n;
}
iterator insert(iterator position) { return insert(position, T()); }
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 在指定位置插入一个区间
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// insert(iterator position, InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
// ↓
// range_insert(position, first, last, iterator_category(first));
// ↓
// for ( ; first != last; ++first) {
// pos = insert(pos, *first);
// ++pos;
// }
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class InputIterator>
void insert(iterator position, InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
{
range_insert(position, first, last, iterator_category(first));
}
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
void insert(iterator position,
const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
void insert (iterator pos, size_type n, const T& x);
void insert (iterator pos, int n, const T& x)
{
insert(pos, (size_type) n, x);
}
void insert (iterator pos, long n, const T& x)
{
insert(pos, (size_type) n, x);
}
void pop_back()
{
--finish;
destroy(finish);
}
iterator erase(iterator position)
{
if (position + 1 != end())
copy(position + 1, finish, position);
--finish;
destroy(finish);
return position;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 擦除指定区间的元素
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// erase(iterator first, iterator last)
// ↓
// ---------- copy(last, finish, first); <stl_algobase.h>
// | destroy(i, finish); <stl_construct.h>
// |
// | -------------- copy(...)
// | 特化 | char *特化 memmove()
// ---------------------------------------|
// | 泛化 | wchar_t特化 copy(...)
// | -------------- memmove()
// |
// 调用__copy_dispatch<InputIterator,OutputIterator>()(first, last, result);
// 进行__copy(first, last, result, iterator_category(first));派发
// |
// |
// | random_access_iterator_tag
// --------------------------------------------------------------
// | input_iterator_tag |
// | |
// ↓ |
// __copy(..., input_iterator_tag) |
// for ( ; first != last; ++result, ++first) |
// *result = *first; ↓
// __copy(..., random_access_iterator_tag)
// __copy_d(first, last, result, distance_type(first));
// |
// |
// ↓
// for (Distance n = last - first; n > 0; --n, ++result, ++first)
// *result = *first;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last)
{
iterator i = copy(last, finish, first);
// 析构掉需要析构的元素
destroy(i, finish);
finish = finish - (last - first);
return first;
}
// 调整size, 但是并不会重新分配内存空间
void resize(size_type new_size, const T& x)
{
if (new_size < size())
erase(begin() + new_size, end());
else
insert(end(), new_size - size(), x);
}
void resize(size_type new_size) { resize(new_size, T()); }
void clear() { erase(begin(), end()); }
protected:
// 分配空间, 并且复制对象到分配的空间处
iterator allocate_and_fill(size_type n, const T& x)
{
iterator result = data_allocator::allocate(n);
__STL_TRY {
uninitialized_fill_n(result, n, x);
return result;
}
__STL_UNWIND(data_allocator::deallocate(result, n));
}
// 分配空间并且拷贝一个区间的元素到新分配空间处
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
template <class ForwardIterator>
iterator allocate_and_copy(size_type n,
ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last)
{
iterator result = data_allocator::allocate(n);
__STL_TRY {
uninitialized_copy(first, last, result);
return result;
}
__STL_UNWIND(data_allocator::deallocate(result, n));
}
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
iterator allocate_and_copy(size_type n,
const_iterator first, const_iterator last)
{
iterator result = data_allocator::allocate(n);
__STL_TRY {
uninitialized_copy(first, last, result);
return result;
}
__STL_UNWIND(data_allocator::deallocate(result, n));
}
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
// 初始化一个区间, 使用push_back()操作, 可能引发内存多次重新分配
// 解决方案见
// template <class InputIterator>
// vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
// 我评注部分
template <class InputIterator>
void range_initialize(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
input_iterator_tag)
{
for ( ; first != last; ++first)
push_back(*first);
}
// This function is only called by the constructor. We have to worry
// about resource leaks, but not about maintaining invariants.
template <class ForwardIterator>
void range_initialize(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
forward_iterator_tag)
{
size_type n = 0;
distance(first, last, n);
start = allocate_and_copy(n, first, last);
finish = start + n;
end_of_storage = finish;
}
template <class InputIterator>
void range_insert(iterator pos,
InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
input_iterator_tag);
template <class ForwardIterator>
void range_insert(iterator pos,
ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
forward_iterator_tag);
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// vector实现部分
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class T, class Alloc>
inline bool operator==(const vector<T, Alloc>& x, const vector<T, Alloc>& y)
{
return x.size() == y.size() && equal(x.begin(), x.end(), y.begin());
}
// 字典序比较
template <class T, class Alloc>
inline bool operator<(const vector<T, Alloc>& x, const vector<T, Alloc>& y)
{
return lexicographical_compare(x.begin(), x.end(), y.begin(), y.end());
}
#ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER
template <class T, class Alloc>
inline void swap(vector<T, Alloc>& x, vector<T, Alloc>& y)
{
x.swap(y);
}
#endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 重载赋值运算符
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// operator=(const vector<T, Alloc>& x)
// |
// |---------------- 是否是自赋值?
// ↓
// -----------------------------------------
// No | | Yes
// | |
// ↓ |------- 容量判断
// return *this; |
// ↓
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
// |x.size() > capacity() | size() >= x.size() | other
// | | |
// ↓ ↓ |
// 容量不足, 需要重新分配 容量足够, 只需要析构掉多余的对象 |
// allocate_and_copy( copy(x.begin(), x.end(), begin()); |
// x.end() - x.begin(), destroy(i, finish); |
// x.begin(), x.end()); |
// destroy(start, finish); |
// deallocate(); ↓
// copy(x.begin(), x.begin() + size(), start);
// uninitialized_copy(x.begin() + size(), x.end(), finish);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class T, class Alloc>
vector<T, Alloc>& vector<T, Alloc>::operator=(const vector<T, Alloc>& x)
{
if (&x != this) {
// 如果x.size() > capacity()那么就需要重新分配内存
// 首先分配内存, 并将容器内原来的元素拷贝到新分配内存中
// 然后析构原容器中元素, 调整内存状态变量
if (x.size() > capacity()) {
iterator tmp = allocate_and_copy(x.end() - x.begin(),
x.begin(), x.end());
destroy(start, finish);
deallocate();
start = tmp;
end_of_storage = start + (x.end() - x.begin());
}
else if (size() >= x.size()) {
iterator i = copy(x.begin(), x.end(), begin());
destroy(i, finish);
}
else {
copy(x.begin(), x.begin() + size(), start);
uninitialized_copy(x.begin() + size(), x.end(), finish);
}
finish = start + x.size();
}
return *this;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 提供插入操作
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// insert_aux(iterator position, const T& x)
// |
// |---------------- 容量是否足够?
// ↓
// -----------------------------------------
// Yes | | No
// | |
// ↓ |
// 从opsition开始, 整体向后移动一个位置 |
// construct(finish, *(finish - 1)); |
// ++finish; |
// T x_copy = x; |
// copy_backward(position, finish - 2, finish - 1); |
// *position = x_copy; |
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(len);
// uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
// construct(new_finish, x);
// ++new_finish;
// uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
// destroy(begin(), end());
// deallocate();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class T, class Alloc>
void vector<T, Alloc>::insert_aux(iterator position, const T& x)
{
if (finish != end_of_storage) { // 还有剩余内存
construct(finish, *(finish - 1));
++finish;
T x_copy = x;
copy_backward(position, finish - 2, finish - 1);
*position = x_copy;
}
else { // 内存不足, 需要重新分配
// 本实作中是按原内存2倍进行重新分配
const size_type old_size = size();
const size_type len = old_size != 0 ? 2 * old_size : 1;
iterator new_start = data_allocator::allocate(len);
iterator new_finish = new_start;
// 将内存重新配置
__STL_TRY {
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
construct(new_finish, x);
++new_finish;
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
}
// 分配失败则抛出异常
# ifdef __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS
catch(...) {
destroy(new_start, new_finish);
data_allocator::deallocate(new_start, len);
throw;
}
# endif /* __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS */
// 析构原容器中的对象
destroy(begin(), end());
// 释放原容器分配的内存
deallocate();
// 调整内存指针状态
start = new_start;
finish = new_finish;
end_of_storage = new_start + len;
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 在指定位置插入n个元素
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// insert(iterator position, size_type n, const T& x)
// |
// |---------------- 插入元素个数是否为0?
// ↓
// -----------------------------------------
// No | | Yes
// | |
// | ↓
// | return;
// |----------- 内存是否足够?
// |
// -------------------------------------------------
// Yes | | No
// | |
// |------ (finish - position) > n? |
// | 分别调整指针 |
// ↓ |
// ---------------------------- |
// No | | Yes |
// | | |
// ↓ ↓ |
// 插入操作, 调整指针 插入操作, 调整指针 |
// ↓
// data_allocator::allocate(len);
// new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
// new_finish = uninitialized_fill_n(new_finish, n, x);
// new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
// destroy(start, finish);
// deallocate();
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class T, class Alloc>
void vector<T, Alloc>::insert(iterator position, size_type n, const T& x)
{
// 如果n为0则不进行任何操作
if (n != 0) {
if (size_type(end_of_storage - finish) >= n) { // 剩下的内存够分配
T x_copy = x;
const size_type elems_after = finish - position;
iterator old_finish = finish;
if (elems_after > n) {
uninitialized_copy(finish - n, finish, finish);
finish += n;
copy_backward(position, old_finish - n, old_finish);
fill(position, position + n, x_copy);
}
else {
uninitialized_fill_n(finish, n - elems_after, x_copy);
finish += n - elems_after;
uninitialized_copy(position, old_finish, finish);
finish += elems_after;
fill(position, old_finish, x_copy);
}
}
else { // 剩下的内存不够分配, 需要重新分配
const size_type old_size = size();
const size_type len = old_size + max(old_size, n);
iterator new_start = data_allocator::allocate(len);
iterator new_finish = new_start;
__STL_TRY {
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
new_finish = uninitialized_fill_n(new_finish, n, x);
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
}
# ifdef __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS
catch(...) {
destroy(new_start, new_finish);
data_allocator::deallocate(new_start, len);
throw;
}
# endif /* __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS */
destroy(start, finish);
deallocate();
start = new_start;
finish = new_finish;
end_of_storage = new_start + len;
}
}
}
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
// 在指定位置插入指定区间的对象
template <class T, class Alloc> template <class InputIterator>
void vector<T, Alloc>::range_insert(iterator pos,
InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
input_iterator_tag)
{
for ( ; first != last; ++first) {
pos = insert(pos, *first);
++pos;
}
}
template <class T, class Alloc> template <class ForwardIterator>
void vector<T, Alloc>::range_insert(iterator position,
ForwardIterator first,
ForwardIterator last,
forward_iterator_tag)
{
if (first != last) {
size_type n = 0;
distance(first, last, n);
if (size_type(end_of_storage - finish) >= n) {
const size_type elems_after = finish - position;
iterator old_finish = finish;
if (elems_after > n) {
uninitialized_copy(finish - n, finish, finish);
finish += n;
copy_backward(position, old_finish - n, old_finish);
copy(first, last, position);
}
else {
ForwardIterator mid = first;
advance(mid, elems_after);
uninitialized_copy(mid, last, finish);
finish += n - elems_after;
uninitialized_copy(position, old_finish, finish);
finish += elems_after;
copy(first, mid, position);
}
}
else {
const size_type old_size = size();
const size_type len = old_size + max(old_size, n);
iterator new_start = data_allocator::allocate(len);
iterator new_finish = new_start;
__STL_TRY {
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(first, last, new_finish);
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
}
# ifdef __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS
catch(...) {
destroy(new_start, new_finish);
data_allocator::deallocate(new_start, len);
throw;
}
# endif /* __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS */
destroy(start, finish);
deallocate();
start = new_start;
finish = new_finish;
end_of_storage = new_start + len;
}
}
}
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
template <class T, class Alloc>
void vector<T, Alloc>::insert(iterator position,
const_iterator first,
const_iterator last) {
if (first != last) {
size_type n = 0;
distance(first, last, n);
if (size_type(end_of_storage - finish) >= n) {
const size_type elems_after = finish - position;
iterator old_finish = finish;
if (elems_after > n) {
uninitialized_copy(finish - n, finish, finish);
finish += n;
copy_backward(position, old_finish - n, old_finish);
copy(first, last, position);
}
else {
uninitialized_copy(first + elems_after, last, finish);
finish += n - elems_after;
uninitialized_copy(position, old_finish, finish);
finish += elems_after;
copy(first, first + elems_after, position);
}
}
else {
const size_type old_size = size();
const size_type len = old_size + max(old_size, n);
iterator new_start = data_allocator::allocate(len);
iterator new_finish = new_start;
__STL_TRY {
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(start, position, new_start);
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(first, last, new_finish);
new_finish = uninitialized_copy(position, finish, new_finish);
}
# ifdef __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS
catch(...) {
destroy(new_start, new_finish);
data_allocator::deallocate(new_start, len);
throw;
}
# endif /* __STL_USE_EXCEPTIONS */
destroy(start, finish);
deallocate();
start = new_start;
finish = new_finish;
end_of_storage = new_start + len;
}
}
}
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__) && (_MIPS_SIM != _MIPS_SIM_ABI32)
#pragma reset woff 1174
#endif
__STL_END_NAMESPACE
#endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_VECTOR_H */
// Local Variables:
// mode:C++
// End:
</span>
vector的用法：
//vector的用法
//1.vector 的数据的存入和输出：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int i = 0;
vector<int> v;
for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
{
v.push_back( i );//把元素一个一个存入到vector中
}
/* v.clear()*/ 对存入的数据清空
for( i = 0; i < v.size(); i++ )//v.size() 表示vector存入元素的个数
{
cout << v[ i ] << " "; //把每个元素显示出来
}
cont << endl;
}
//注：你也可以用v.begin()和v.end() 来得到vector开始的和结束的元素地址的指针位置。你也可以这样做：
vector<int>::iterator iter; /*iterator 抽象了指针的绝大部分基本特征*/
for( iter = v.begin(); iter != v.end(); iter++ )
{
cout << *iter << endl;
}
//2. 对于二维vector的定义。
//1)定义一个10个vector元素，并对每个vector符值1-10。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
//定义一个二维的动态数组，有10行，每一行是一个用一个vector存储这一行的数据。
//所以每一行的长度是可以变化的。之所以用到vector<int>(0)是对vector初始化，否则不能对vector存入元素。
vector< vector<int> > Array( 10, vector<int>(0) );
for( j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++ )
{
Array[ j ].push_back( i );
}
}
for( j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
for( i = 0; i < Array[ j ].size(); i++ )
{
cout << Array[ j ][ i ] << " ";
}
cout<< endl;
}
}
//2)定义一个行列都是变化的数组。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int i = 0, j = 0;
vector< vector<int> > Array;
vector< int > line;
for( j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
Array.push_back( line );//要对每一个vector初始化，否则不能存入元素。
for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++ )
{
Array[ j ].push_back( i );
}
}
for( j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
for( i = 0; i < Array[ j ].size(); i++ )
{
cout << Array[ j ][ i ] << " ";
}
cout<< endl;
}
}
//使用 vettor erase 指定元素
#include "iostream"
#include "vector"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
vector<int> arr;
arr.push_back(6);
arr.push_back(8);
arr.push_back(3);
arr.push_back(8);
for(vector<int>::iterator it=arr.begin(); it!=arr.end(); )
{
if(* it == 8)
{
it = arr.erase(it);
}
else
{
++it;
}
}
cout << "After remove 8:\n";
for(vector<int>::iterator it = arr.begin(); it < arr.end(); ++it)
{
cout << * it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int iarray[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,6,6,7,8};
vector<int> ivector(iarray,iarray+sizeof(iarray)/sizeof(int));
int iarray1[]={6,6};
vector<int> ivector1(iarray1,iarray1+sizeof(iarray1)/sizeof(int));
int iarray2[]={5,6};
vector<int> ivector2(iarray2,iarray2+sizeof(iarray2)/sizeof(int));
int iarray3[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,7,7,7,9,7};
vector<int> ivector3(iarray3,iarray3+sizeof(iarray3)/sizeof(int));
//找出ivector之中相邻元素值相等的第一个元素
cout<<*adjacent_find(ivector.begin(),ivector.end())<<endl;
//找出ivector之中元素值为6的元素个数
cout<<count(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),6)<<endl;
//找出ivector之中小于7的元素个数
cout<<count_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),bind2nd(less<int>(),7))<<endl;
//找出ivector之中元素值为4的第一个元素所在位置的元素
cout<<*find(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),4)<<endl;
//找出ivector之中大于2的第一个元素所在位置的元素
cout<<*find_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),bind2nd(greater<int>(),2))
<<endl;
//找出ivector之中子序列ivector1所出现的最后一个位置，再往后3个位置的元素
cout<<*(find_end(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector1.begin(),
ivector1.end())+3)<<endl;
//找出ivector之中子序列ivector1所出现的第一个位置，再往后3个位置的元素
cout<<*(find_first_of(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector1.begin(),
ivector1.end())+3)<<endl;
//子序列ivector2在ivector中出现的起点位置元素
cout<<*search(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end())
<<endl;
//查找连续出现3个6的起点位置元素
cout<<*search_n(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),3,6,equal_to<int>())<<endl;
//判断两个区间ivector和ivector3相等否(0为假，1为真）
cout << equal(ivector.begin(), ivector.end(), ivector3.begin()) << endl;
//查找区间ivector3在ivector中不匹配点的位置
pair<int*,int*>result=mismatch(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin());
cout<< result.first - ivector.begin() << endl;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
class even_by_two{ //类定义形式的函数对象
public:
int operator()() const
{return _x+=2;}
private:
static int _x;
};
int even_by_two::_x=0; //静态数据成员初始化
void main()
{
int iarray[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,6,6,7,8};
int iarray1[]={0,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6,6,6,7,8};
vector<int> ivector(iarray,iarray+sizeof(iarray)/sizeof(int));
vector<int> ivector1(iarray+6,iarray+8);
vector<int> ivector2(iarray1,iarray1+sizeof(iarray1)/sizeof(int));
ostream_iterator< int > output( cout, " " ); //定义流迭代器用于输出数据
//迭代遍历ivector1区间，对每一个元素进行even_by_two操作
generate(ivector1.begin(),ivector1.end(),even_by_two());
copy(ivector1.begin(),ivector1.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//迭代遍历ivector的指定区间（起点和长度），对每一个元素进行even_by_two操作
generate_n(ivector.begin(),3,even_by_two());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//删除元素6
remove(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),6);
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//删除(实际并未从原序列中删除）元素6，结果置于另一个区间
vector<int> ivector3(12);
remove_copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin(),6);
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//删除(实际并未从原序列中删除）小于6的元素
remove_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),bind2nd(less<int>(),6));
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//删除(实际并未从原序列中删除)小于7的元素，结果置于另一个区间，
remove_copy_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin(),
bind2nd(less<int>(),7));
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//将所有的元素值6，改为元素值3
replace(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),6,3);
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//将所有的元素值3，改为元素值5,结果放置到另一个区间
replace_copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin(),3,5);
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//将所有小于5的元素值，改为元素值2
replace_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),bind2nd(less<int>(),5),2);
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//将所有的元素值8，改为元素值9,结果放置到另一个区间
replace_copy_if(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin(),
bind2nd(equal_to<int>(),8),9);
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//逆向重排每一个元素
reverse(ivector.begin(),ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//逆向重排每一个元素,结果置于另一个区间
reverse_copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector3.begin());
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//旋转（互换元素）[first,middle), 和[middle,end)
rotate(ivector.begin(),ivector.begin()+4,ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
//旋转（互换元素）[first,middle], 和[middle,end]，结果置于另一个区间，
rotate_copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.begin()+5,ivector.end(),
ivector3.begin());
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),output);
cout<<endl;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int iarray[]={26,17,15,22,23,33,32,40};
vector<int> ivector(iarray,iarray+sizeof(iarray)/sizeof(int));
// 查找并输出最大、最小值元素
cout<<*max_element(ivector.begin(),ivector.end())<<endl;
cout<<*min_element(ivector.begin(),ivector.end())<<endl;
//将ivector.begin()+4-ivector.begin()各元素排序，
//放进[ivector.begin(),ivector.begin()+4]区间。剩余元素不保证维持原来相对次序
partial_sort(ivector.begin(),ivector.begin()+3,ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//局部排序并复制到别处
vector<int> ivector1(5);
partial_sort_copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector1.begin(),
ivector1.end());
copy(ivector1.begin(),ivector1.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//排序，缺省为递增。
sort(ivector.begin(),ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//将指定元素插入到区间内不影响区间原来排序的最低、最高位置
cout<<*lower_bound(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),24)<<endl;
cout<<*upper_bound(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),24)<<endl;
//对于有序区间，可以用二分查找方法寻找某个元素
cout<<binary_search(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),33)<<endl;
cout<<binary_search(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),34)<<endl;
//下一个排列组合
next_permutation(ivector.begin(),ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//上一个排列组合
prev_permutation(ivector.begin(),ivector.end());
copy(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//合并两个序列ivector和ivector1，并将结果放到ivector2中
vector<int> ivector2(13);
merge(ivector.begin(),ivector.end(),ivector1.begin(),ivector1.end(),
ivector2.begin());
copy(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//将小于*(ivector.begin()+5)的元素放置在该元素之左
//其余置于该元素之右。不保证维持原有的相对位置
nth_element(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.begin()+5,ivector2.end());
copy(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//排序，并保持原来相对位置
stable_sort(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end());
copy(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end(),ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
cout<<endl;
//针对一个有序区间，找出其中一个子区间，其中每个元素都与某特定元素值相同
pair<vector<int>::iterator,vector<int>::iterator> pairIte;
pairIte=equal_range(ivector2.begin(),ivector2.end(),22);
cout<<*(pairIte.first)<<endl;
cout<<*(pairIte.second)<<endl;
//合并两个有序序列，然后就地替换
int iarray3[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 8 };
vector<int> ivector3(iarray3,iarray3+sizeof(iarray3)/sizeof(int));
inplace_merge(ivector3.begin(), ivector3.begin()+ 4, ivector3.end());
copy(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
cout<<endl;
//以字典顺序比较序列ivector3和ivector4
int iarray4[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7,1, 5, 9, 3 };
vector<int> ivector4(iarray4,iarray4+sizeof(iarray4)/sizeof(int));
cout<< lexicographical_compare(ivector3.begin(),ivector3.end(),
ivector4.begin(),ivector4.end()) << endl
}
详细解释可见：
http://blog.csdn.net/l_andy/article/details/39050837
http://www.cnblogs.com/hlxs/p/3737687.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/scandy-yuan/archive/2013/01/07/2849735.html