11g oracle database installation with oracle grid infrastructure on linux（文档）

11g oracle database installation with oracle grid infrastructure on linux

 

一、预装oracle database 准备

 

安装11g oracle database所需的linux软件包

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libgcc-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel 4.1.2

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#i1011296

 

安装命令执行

yum install binutils compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibcglibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh-20060214 libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++- libstdc++-devel make-3.81 sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

(unixODBC，unixODBC-devel是ODBC的支持包；ODBC更多解释：http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/ODBC)

 

安装cvuqdisk包（Cluster Verification Utility find shared disks）

[root@doudou-32bit tmp]# cd /opt/grid/rpm/

[root@doudou-32bit rpm]# export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall

[root@doudou-32bit rpm]# rpm -iv cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm

 

建立oracle产品组，root用户

vi /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

 

DNS解析，直接配置hosts文件

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.217 doudou    doudou

 

磁盘要求，请看附表

 

内存和SWAP要求

--oracle database--

Minimum: 1 GB of RAM

Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

SWAP建议

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1 GB and 2 GB	1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB	Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB	16 GB

--Oracle grid infrastructure--

RAM>=1.5G  oracle grid

RAM>=2.5G  oracle grid + oracle database

RAM>=4G   oracle grid + oracle rac

SWAP建议

Available RAM	Swap Space Required
Between 2.5 GB and 32 GB	Equal to the size of RAM
More than 32 GB	32 GB of RAM

 

查看当前swap

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

注：在线增加swap，请看附表增加swap

查看当前shmfs

df -h /dev/shm

注：oracle 11g AMM 使用内存需要通过更多的共享内存

（如需增加/dev/shm请看附表增加/dev/shm）

 

建立组

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba

建立用户

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle

/usr/sbin/useradd -u 8001 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid

修改密码

passwd oracle

passwd grid

注：具体组和用户含义请看附表Overview of Groups and Users

用户环境变量

--oracle---

vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=doudou

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:

umask 022

--grid--

vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:

umask 022

注：tmp空间不足时，添加TMPDIR；可以看附表增大tmp

建立目录

--oracle database--

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory

--oracle grid infrastructure--

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chmod -R 775 /u01

注：具体目录含义请看附表Overview of directories

 

安装用户资源限制

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

grid              soft    nproc   2047

grid              hard    nproc   16384

grid              soft    nofile  1024

grid              hard    nofile  65536

grid              soft    stack   10240

 

对默认的shell启动文件进行更改，以便oracle安装所有者的 ulimit设置

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# vi /etc/profile

if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then

    if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

        ulimit -p 16384

        ulimit -n 65536

    else

        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

    fi

    umask 022

fi

 

更改内核参数值

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 524288

kernel.shmmax = 1073741824

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

执行sysctl -p 立即生效

注： shmall and shmmax解释请看附表 shmall and shmmax

 

二、ASM DISK（openfiler模拟存储服务器）

1、 使用udev制作ASM DISK

2、 使用asmlib制作 ASM DISK

 

制作partitions

fdisk -l --(查看识别的硬盘)

具体制作partition具体步骤如下：

fdisk /dev/sda

n

p

1

回车

回车

w

partprobe /dev/sda1

其他分区省略

 

1、 使用udev制作ASM DISK

制作完分区后，使用udev固化iscsi磁盘设备名称

查看存储磁盘scsi_id（scsi_id具有唯一性）

[root@localhost rules.d]# scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sdb

14f504e46494c4500764a6b65714e2d416b5a432d314d6753

[root@localhost rules.d]# scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sdc

14f504e46494c45004532476568362d566f35702d35303470

创建新的 vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

[root@localhost rules.d]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="14f504e46494c4500764a6b65714e2d416b5a432d314d6753", NAME="asm_data-1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="14f504e46494c45004532476568362d566f35702d35303470", NAME="asm_data-2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

[root@doudou ~]# start_udev start

启动 udev：[确定]

[root@localhost rules.d]# ls -l /dev/asm*

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 05-03 17:58 /dev/asm_data-1

brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 05-03 17:58 /dev/asm_data-2

OK到此我们使用udev制作的ASM DISK完成

注：个人推荐使用udev制作ASM DISK

至于什么不使用asmlib？可以看看maclean liu的见解

http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/why-asmlib-and-why-not.html

 

2、使用asmlib制作 ASM DISK

2-1.查看操作系统版本

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# uname -rm

2.6.18-348.3.1.el5 i686

2-2.下载相关的asmlib包

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html

oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm

oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm

oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm

安装包过程省略

2-3.配置oracleasm

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [  OK  ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [  OK  ]

2-4.使用oracleasm创建ASM DISK

[root@doudou-32bit ~]#  /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sda1

其余省略

[root@doudou-32bit ~]#  /etc/init.d/oracleasm  listdisks

DISK1

DISK2

DISK3

DISK4

DISK5

DISK6

DISK7

DISK8

OK到此使用asmlib制作ASM DISK完成

 

安装oracle grid infrastructure

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# su – grid

[grid@doudou-32bit ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.25:0.0

[grid@doudou-32bit grid]$ ./runInstaller

图形安装过程省略

需要注意的是，oracle asm 提供了3种冗余

External redundancy --1个ASM DISK即可（磁盘有raid支持情况下）每个磁盘无大小要求

Normal redundancy   --2个ASM DISK必须（没有raid建议使用）EACH ASM DISK SIZE 1:1

High redundancy     --3个ASM DISK必须（没有raid建议使用） EACH ASM DISK SIZE 1:1:1

[grid@doudou-32bit grid]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 18 14:26:05 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL> select name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME       STATE       TYPE     TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB

---------- ----------- ------ ---------- ---------- --------------

DATA       MOUNTED     NORMAL      30708      30529          15234  --为可用空间

REDO       MOUNTED     EXTERN        511        459            459

注：USABLE_FILE_MB 为ASM DISK 磁盘组真实可用空间

 

安装oracle database

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@doudou-32bit ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.25:0.0

[oracle@doudou-32bit database]$ ./runInstaller

图形安装过程省略

需要注意的是：database 字符集的选择

 

附表

11g Oracle Database installation with Oracle grid infrastructure

 

磁盘要求

oracle database磁盘最小需求

The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86:

Installation Type	Requirement for Software Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition	3.95
Standard Edition	3.88

Installation Type	Disk Space for Data Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition	1.7
Standard Edition	1.5

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId12

oracle grid infrastructure磁盘最小要求

At least 5.5 GB of disk space.

At least 1 GB of space in the /tmp directory.

 

Overview of Groups and Users

功能	操作系统组名	备注
Oracle Inventory Group	oinstall
OSDBA Group for Database Installations	dba
OSOPER Group for Database Installations	oper
OSASM Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management	asmadmin	连接Oracle ASM 实例
OSDBA Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management	asmdba	必须组
OSOPER Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management	asmoper	可选组
***********************************************	************	*******************
功能	操作系统用户	备注
Oracle Software Owner User	oracle
Oracle grid infrastructure Software Owner User	grid

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#BABHHEJD

下面是oracle技术文档中的解释更为详细精准

Description	OS Group Name	OS Users Assigned to this Group	Oracle Privilege	Oracle Group Name
Oracle Inventory and Software Owner	oinstall	grid, oracle
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group	asmadmin	grid	SYSASM	OSASM
ASM Database Administrator Group	asmdba	grid, oracle	SYSDBA for ASM	OSDBA for ASM
ASM Operator Group	asmoper	grid	SYSOPER for ASM	OSOPER for ASM
Database Administrator	dba	oracle	SYSDBA	OSDBA
Database Operator	oper	oracle	SYSOPER	OSOPER

 

 

Overview of directories

目录名	模版	建立的目录
Oracle base directory	/mount_point/app/software_owner	/u01/app/oracle
Oracle inventory directory	ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory	/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
Oracle home directory	ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
*************************	***********************************	****************
Oracle Grid Infrastructure base directory	/mount_point/app/software_owner	/u01/app/grid
Oracle Grid Infrastructure inventory directory	ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory	/u01/app/grid/oraInventory
Oracle Grid Infrastructure home directory	/u01/app/11.2.0/grid	/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId52

 

增加/dev/shm

共享内存的标准：The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer.

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# df -h /dev/shm

文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

tmpfs                 990M  154M  836M  16% /dev/shm

如果/dev/shm太小，我们可以添加/dev/shm

①暂时添加/dev/shm方法：mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2g /dev/shm

②永久添加/dev/shm方法：vi /etc/fstab 

尾部添加一行 shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=2g 0

我使用的永久添加方法，可以不重启机器直接mount –a 立即生效/etc/fstab的内容

[root@doudou-32bit grid]# mount –a

增大/dev/shm的结果展示

[root@doudou-32bit ~]# df -h /dev/shm

文件系统              容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点

shmfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId10

 

shmall and shmmax

shmall：physical memory/PAGESIZE

shmmax：Recommended: More than half the physical memory

这个shmmax参数是限制shared memory segments (mos 567506.1),可不要认为这个参数是限制SGA或memory_max_target

官档地址：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId50

 

增大tmp

mkdir -p /u01/tmp

chmod -R a+wr /u01/tmp

用户环境变量

export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp

 

在线增加swap

1、建立交换分区目录

mkdir -p /opt/image

2、建立swap所需文件（以2G为例）

dd if=/dev/zero f=/opt/image/swap bs=1024 count=2048000

3、创建交换空间，使用命令nkswap

nkswap /opt/image/swap

4、启动新增交换空间，使用命令swapon

swapon /opt/image/swap

5、查看是否添加成功

free -m

6、修改/etc/fstab文件，设置永久型swap即开机自动挂载

vi /etc/fstab

尾部添加

/opt/image/swap     swap      swap defaults 0 0

7、不重启，直接挂载验证/etc/fstab修改结果

mount -a

free -m