我们知道在.NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在.NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在.NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是 System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类、System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类和Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类。
为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码:
[DataContract]
public
class
User
{
///
<summary>
///
编号
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
用户名
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
创建时间
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(
typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
生日
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
[JsonConverter(
typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
相关URL
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
public
List
<
string
>
Urls {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
薪水
///
</summary>
//
[ScriptIgnore]
//
使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//
[IgnoreDataMember]
//
使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
//
[JsonIgnore]
//
使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
///
<summary>
///
权利级别
///
</summary>
[DataMember]
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
public
User()
{
Urls
=
new
List
<
string
>
();
}
}
///
<summary>
///
权利级别
///
</summary>
public
enum
Priority:
byte
{
Lowest
=
0x1
,
BelowNormal
=
0x2
,
Normal
=
0x4
,
AboveNormal
=
0x8
,
Highest
=
0x16
}
使用System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类
System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer类是.NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于System.Web.Extensions.dll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个dll的引用。
下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子:
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
{
User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
),Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.Highest, Salary
=
500000
};
//
JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
JavaScriptSerializer serializer
=
new
JavaScriptSerializer();
//
JSON序列化
string
result
=
serializer.Serialize(user);
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
//
JSON反序列化
user
=
serializer.Deserialize
<
User
>
(result);
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。
使用System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer类位于System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对System.ServiceModel.Web.dll的引用之外,还需要添加System.Runtime.Serialization.dll的引用,注意这个类也是在.NET Framework3.5及以后版本中可以使用。
下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子:
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
{
User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.AboveNormal, Salary
=
50000
};
string
result
=
string
.Empty;
//
DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
DataContractJsonSerializer serializer
=
new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
using
(MemoryStream stream
=
new
MemoryStream())
{
//
JSON序列化
serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
result
=
Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
}
//
JSON反序列化
byte
[] buffer
=
Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
using
(MemoryStream stream
=
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
{
user
=
serializer.ReadObject(stream)
as
User;
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
}
注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上[IgnoreDataMember]属性。
使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类
Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://www.codeplex.com/json/),它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是.NET Framework3.5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。
下面是使用Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert类的例子:
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
{
User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.BelowNormal, Salary
=
5000
};
//
JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http:
//
www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//
JSON序列化
string
result
=
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
//
JSON反序列化
user
=
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject
<
User
>
(result);
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
}
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
{
User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
周公
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
8
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
32
), Priority
=
Priority.Lowest, Salary
=
500
, Urls
=
new
List
<
string
>
{
"
http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com
"
,
"
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn
"
} };
//
JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http:
//
www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
//
JSON序列化
string
result
=
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
//
使用Linq to JSON
JObject jobject
=
JObject.Parse(result);
JToken token
=
jobject[
"
Urls
"
];
List
<
string
>
urlList
=
new
List
<
string
>
();
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
{
urlList.Add(t.ToString());
}
Console.Write(
"
使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[
"
);
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
urlList.Count
-
1
;i
++
)
{
Console.Write(urlList[i]
+
"
,
"
);
}
Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count
-
1
]
+
"
]
"
);
}
注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。
本文中所有的示例代码如下:
1
.
using
System;
2
.
using
System.Collections.Generic;
3
.
using
System.Linq;
4
.
using
System.Text;
5
.
using
System.Web.Script.Serialization;
6
.
using
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
7
.
using
System.IO;
8
.
using
System.Runtime.Serialization;
9
.
using
Newtonsoft.Json;
10
.
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
11
.
using
Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
12
.
13
.
namespace
JSONDemo
14
. {
15
.
class
Program
16
. {
17
.
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
18
. {
19
. JavaScriptSerializerDemo();
20
. DataContractJsonSerializerDemo();
21
. JsonConvertDemo();
22
. JsonConvertLinqDemo();
23
. Console.ReadLine();
24
. }
25
.
26
.
public
static
void
JavaScriptSerializerDemo()
27
. {
28
. User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
),Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.Highest, Salary
=
500000
};
29
.
//
JavaScriptSerializer类在System.Web.Extensions.dll中,注意添加这个引用
30
. JavaScriptSerializer serializer
=
new
JavaScriptSerializer();
31
.
//
JSON序列化
32
.
string
result
=
serializer.Serialize(user);
33
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
34
.
//
JSON反序列化
35
. user
=
serializer.Deserialize
<
User
>
(result);
36
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
37
.
38
. }
39
.
40
.
public
static
void
DataContractJsonSerializerDemo()
41
. {
42
. User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.AboveNormal, Salary
=
50000
};
43
.
string
result
=
string
.Empty;
44
.
//
DataContractJsonSerializer类在System.ServiceModel.Web.dll中,注意添加这个引用
45
. DataContractJsonSerializer serializer
=
new
DataContractJsonSerializer(
typeof
(User));
46
.
47
.
using
(MemoryStream stream
=
new
MemoryStream())
48
. {
49
.
//
JSON序列化
50
. serializer.WriteObject(stream, user);
51
. result
=
Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
52
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
53
. }
54
.
55
.
//
JSON反序列化
56
.
byte
[] buffer
=
Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(result);
57
.
using
(MemoryStream stream
=
new
MemoryStream(buffer))
58
. {
59
. user
=
serializer.ReadObject(stream)
as
User;
60
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
61
. }
62
. }
63
.
64
.
public
static
void
JsonConvertDemo()
65
. {
66
. User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
李刚
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
30
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
50
), Priority
=
Priority.BelowNormal, Salary
=
5000
};
67
.
//
JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http:
//
www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
68
.
//
JSON序列化
69
.
string
result
=
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
70
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
71
.
//
JSON反序列化
72
. user
=
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject
<
User
>
(result);
73
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}
"
, user.UserId, user.UserName, user.CreateDate, user.Priority);
74
. }
75
.
76
.
public
static
void
JsonConvertLinqDemo()
77
. {
78
. User user
=
new
User { UserId
=
1
, UserName
=
"
周公
"
, CreateDate
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
8
), Birthday
=
DateTime.Now.AddYears(
-
32
), Priority
=
Priority.Lowest, Salary
=
500
, Urls
=
new
List
<
string
>
{
"
http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com
"
,
"
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn
"
} };
79
.
//
JsonConvert类在Newtonsoft.Json.Net35.dll中,注意到http:
//
www.codeplex.com/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用
80
.
//
JSON序列化
81
.
string
result
=
JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user);
82
. Console.WriteLine(
"
使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}
"
, result, result.Length);
83
.
//
使用Linq to JSON
84
. JObject jobject
=
JObject.Parse(result);
85
. JToken token
=
jobject[
"
Urls
"
];
86
. List
<
string
>
urlList
=
new
List
<
string
>
();
87
.
foreach
(JToken t
in
token)
88
. {
89
. urlList.Add(t.ToString());
90
. }
91
. Console.Write(
"
使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:[
"
);
92
.
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i
<
urlList.Count
-
1
;i
++
)
93
. {
94
. Console.Write(urlList[i]
+
"
,
"
);
95
. }
96
. Console.WriteLine(urlList[urlList.Count
-
1
]
+
"
]
"
);
97
. }
98
. }
99
.
100
. [DataContract]
101
.
public
class
User
102
. {
103
.
///
<summary>
104
.
///
编号
105
.
///
</summary>
106
. [DataMember]
107
.
public
int
UserId {
get
;
set
; }
108
.
///
<summary>
109
.
///
用户名
110
.
///
</summary>
111
. [DataMember]
112
.
public
string
UserName {
get
;
set
; }
113
.
///
<summary>
114
.
///
创建时间
115
.
///
</summary>
116
. [DataMember]
117
. [JsonConverter(
typeof
(IsoDateTimeConverter))]
118
.
public
DateTime CreateDate {
get
;
set
; }
119
.
///
<summary>
120
.
///
生日
121
.
///
</summary>
122
. [DataMember]
123
. [JsonConverter(
typeof
(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))]
124
.
public
DateTime Birthday {
get
;
set
; }
125
.
///
<summary>
126
.
///
相关URL
127
.
///
</summary>
128
. [DataMember]
129
.
public
List
<
string
>
Urls {
get
;
set
; }
130
.
///
<summary>
131
.
///
薪水
132
.
///
</summary>
133
. [ScriptIgnore]
//
使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
134
. [IgnoreDataMember]
//
使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段
135
. [JsonIgnore]
//
使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段
136
.
public
int
Salary {
get
;
set
; }
137
.
///
<summary>
138
.
///
权利级别
139
.
///
</summary>
140
. [DataMember]
141
.
public
Priority Priority {
get
;
set
; }
142
.
143
.
public
User()
144
. {
145
. Urls
=
new
List
<
string
>
();
146
. }
147
. }
148
.
///
<summary>
149
.
///
权利级别
150
.
///
</summary>
151
.
public
enum
Priority:
byte
152
. {
153
. Lowest
=
0x1
,
154
. BelowNormal
=
0x2
,
155
. Normal
=
0x4
,
156
. AboveNormal
=
0x8
,
157
. Highest
=
0x16
158
. }
159
. }
程序的运行结果如下:
- 使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521211984)\/","Birthday":"\/Date(-277630788015)\/","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127
- 使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest
- 使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{"Birthday":"\/Date(-277630787953+0800)\/","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521212046+0800)\/","Priority":8,"Urls":[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136
- 使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal
- 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132
- 使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal
- 使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"],"Priority":1},长度:198
- 使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://zhoufoxcn.blog.51cto.com","http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn"]
总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。