在Redhat上安装Oracle 10g没有设定字符集,采用的是操作系统默认字符集:WE8ISO8859P1,将字符集修改为:ZHS16GBK。由于过程不可逆,首先需要备份数据库。
1.数据库全备
2.查询当前字符集
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET WE8ISO8859P1
3.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE
instance shut down.
4.启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.Total
System Global Area 205520896
bytesFixed Size 1266608
bytesVariable Size 100666448
bytesDatabase Buffers 100663296
bytesRedo Buffers 2924544
bytesDatabase mounted.
5.限制session
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
6.查询相关参数并修改
SQL> show parameter job_queue_processes;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
job_queue_processes integer 10
SQL> show parameter aq_tm_processes;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
aq_tm_processes integer 0
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
System altered.
7.打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
8.修改字符集
SQL> alter database character set ZHS16GBK;
alter database character set ZHS16GBK*ERROR at line 1:ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
出现错误提示,新字符集必须是老字符集的超集,也就原来字符集是新字符集的子集,可以再Oracle官方文档上查询字符集包含关系。
下面使用Oracle内部命令internal_use,跳过超集检查,生产环境不建议使用此方法。
SQL> alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
9.查询当前字符集
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
PARAMETER VALUE
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
10.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down
11.启动数据库到mount状态
SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total
System Global Area 205520896
bytesFixed Size 1266608
bytesVariable Size 100666448
bytesDatabase Buffers 100663296
bytesRedo Buffers 2924544
bytesDatabase mounted.
12.将相关参数改回原来值
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=10;
System altered.13.打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.