Spring事务Transaction配置的五种注入方式详解

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原文：Spring事务Transaction配置的五种注入方式详解

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

   DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

  <bean id="sessionFactory"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  </bean>

  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

  <!-- 配置DAO -->
  <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="userDao"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
  <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
  <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
  <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  <property name="transactionAttributes">
  <props>
  <prop key="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
  </props>
  </property>
  </bean>
  </beans>

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

  <bean id="sessionFactory"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  </bean>

  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="transactionBase"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
  lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
  <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  <property name="transactionAttributes">
  <props>
  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
  </props>
  </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- 配置DAO -->
  <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
  <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
  </bean>
  </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

  <bean id="sessionFactory"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  </bean>

  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

 <!-- 事务拦截器,激活事务管理器所必须的bean -->
  <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
  <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
  <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
  <property name="transactionAttributes">
  <props>
  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
  <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>   <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
  </props>
  </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- 定义事务处理代理bean,他需要两个属性,一个是指定需要代理的bean,另一个是代理bean所需的事务拦截器 -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
  <property name="beanNames">
  <list>
  <value> *Dao </value>
  </list>
  </property>
  <property name="interceptorNames">
  <list>
  <value> transactionInterceptor </value>
  </list>
  </property>
  </bean>

  <!-- 配置DAO -->
  <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>
  </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

 <?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

  <context:annotation-config />
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

  <bean id="sessionFactory"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
  </bean>

  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
  <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
  </bean>

  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
  <tx:attributes>
  <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
  </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>

  <aop:config>
  <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
  expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
  <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
  pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
  </aop:config>
  </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
02  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
03  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
04  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
05  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
06  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
07  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
08  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
09  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13
14  <context:annotation-config />
15  <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
16
17  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
18
19  <bean id="sessionFactory"
20  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
21  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
22  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
23  </bean>
24
25  <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
26  <bean id="transactionManager"
27  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
28  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
29  </bean>
30
31  </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

01 package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
02
03  import java.util.List;
04
05  import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
06  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
07  import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
08  import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
09
10  import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
11
12 @Transactional
13 @Component( " userDao " )
14  public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
15
16  public List <User> listUsers() {
17  return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
18  }
19 }