spring boot集成了servlet容器,当我们在pom文件中增加spring-boot-starter-web的maven依赖时,不做任何web相关的配置便能提供web服务,这还得归于spring boot 自动配置的功能(因为加了EnableAutoConfiguration的注解),帮我们创建了一堆默认的配置,以前在web.xml中配置,现在都可以通过spring bean的方式进行配置,由spring来进行生命周期的管理,大多数情况下,我们需要重载这些配置(例如修改服务的启动端口,contextpath,filter,listener,servlet,session超时时间等)
1. servlet配置
当应用只有默认的servlet(即DispatcherServlet)时,映射的url为/,存在其他的servlet时,映射的路径为servlet的注册的beanname(可通过@Component注解修改),创建方式如下:
- @Component("myServlet")
- public class MyServlet implements Servlet{
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- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy...");
- }
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- @Override
- public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
- return null;
- }
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-
-
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- @Override
- public String getServletInfo() {
- return null;
- }
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- @Override
- public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
- System.out.println("servlet init...");
- }
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- @Override
- public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException,
- IOException {
- System.out.println("service...");
- }
2. filter配置
filter配置的映射是/*,创建方式如下:
- @Component("myFilter")
- public class MyFilter implements Filter{
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-
-
-
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy...");
- }
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- @Override
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
- throws IOException,
- ServletException {
- System.out.println("doFilter...");
- arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
- }
-
-
-
-
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- @Override
- public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
- System.out.println("filter init...");
- }
-
- }<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 17.3333339691162px; background-color: transparent;"> </span>
3. listener配置
- @Component("myListener")
- public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener{
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- @Override
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("contextDestroyed...");
- }
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- @Override
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("listener contextInitialized...");
- }
-
- }
如果觉得控制力度不够灵活(例如你想修改filter的映射),spring boot还提供了
ServletRegistrationBean,FilterRegistrationBean,ServletListenerRegistrationBean这3个东西来进行配置
修改filter的映射
- @Configuration
- public class WebConfig {
- @Bean
- public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(MyFilter myFilter){
- FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
- filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(myFilter);
- filterRegistrationBean.setEnabled(true);
- filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/bb");
- return filterRegistrationBean;
- }
- }
4. 配置servlet 容器
可以通过两种方式配置servlet容器,一种是通过properties文件,例如:
- server.port=8081
- server.address=127.0.0.1
- server.sessionTimeout=30
- server.contextPath=/springboot
完整的配置信息可以看这 http://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ServerProperties.java
另一种方式是java代码的形式:
- @Component
- public class MyCustomizationBean implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer {
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- @Override
- public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
- container.setContextPath("/sprintboot");
- container.setPort(8081);
- container.setSessionTimeout(30);
- }
-
- }
5. error 处理
spring boot 提供了/error映射来进行错误处理,它会返回一个json来对错误信息进行描述(包含了http状态和异常信息),例如404的错误
当然可以定制错误页面,通过实现ErrorController接口,并将它装配起来即可,如下:
- @Controller
- public class ErrorHandleController implements ErrorController {
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-
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- @Override
- public String getErrorPath() {
- return "/screen/error";
- }
-
- @RequestMapping
- public String errorHandle(){
- return getErrorPath();
- }
- }
还可以这样:
- @Component
- private class MyCustomizer implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer {
-
- @Override
- public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
- container.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "/screen/error"));
- }
-
- }
6.模板引擎
spring boot 会自动配置 FreeMarker,Thymeleaf,Velocity,只需要在pom中加入相应的依赖即可,例如应用Velocity
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-velocity</artifactId>
- </dependency>
默认配置下spring boot会从
src/main/resources/templates目录中去找模板
7. jsp限制
如果要在spring boot中使用jsp,得将应用打包成war,这里有配置的example https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-samples/spring-boot-sample-web-jsp