Makefile自动生成工具-----autotools的使用

相信每个学习Linux的人都知道Makefile，这是一个很有用的东西，但是编写它是比较复杂，今天介绍一个它的自动生成工具，autotools的使用。很多GNULinux的的软件都是用它生成Makefile的，包括我们非常熟悉的Linux内核源代码。PS：以下命令请以Root权限执行，否则会失败！

  1、准备: 

  需要工具

  autoscan

  aclocal

  autoheader 

  automake

  autoconf

  auto make 

  在终端敲入命令，哪个没有安装哪个，一般是第一个autoscan没有，其它的我用的Ubuntu10.04下全部都有

  2、测试程序编写：
     建立目录：mkdir include src

     编写程序：include/str.h

 #include <stdio.h>
 int str(char *string);

    编写程序：src/str.c

 #include "str.h"
 //print string
 int str(char *string){
         printf("\n----PRINT STRING----\n\"%s\"\n",string);
         return 0;
 }

 //interface of this program
 int main(int argc , char **argv){
         char str_read[1024];
         printf("Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]\n");
         scanf("%s",str_read);
         return str(str_read );
 }

  3、生成configure.ac

    configure.ac是automake的输入文件，所以必须先生成该文件。
    执行命令：

 [root@localhost str]# ls
 include  src
 [root@localhost str]# sudo  autoscan
 [root@localhost str]# ls
 autoscan.log  configure.scan  include  src
 [root@localhost str]# cp configure.scan configure.ac

    修改 configure.ac 

 #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

 AC_PREREQ(2.59)
 AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

 # Checks for programs.
 AC_PROG_CC

 # Checks for libraries.

 # Checks for header files.

 # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

 # Checks for library functions.
 AC_OUTPUT

修改

 AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

改为：

 AC_INIT(str,0.0.1, [[email protected]])

其中：FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 为程序名称，VERSION为当前版本， BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS为bug汇报地址

然后添加两句话：

    AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
    AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])

结果如下：（两句话不是在一起的）

 #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

 AC_PREREQ(2.59)
 #AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
 AC_INIT(str, 0.0.1, [[email protected]])
 AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
 AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

 # Checks for programs.
 AC_PROG_CC

 # Checks for libraries.

 # Checks for header files.

 # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

 # Checks for library functions.
 AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
 AC_OUTPUT

4、执行aclocal

 [root@localhost str]#sudo aclocal

5、制作Makefile.am

 [root@localhost str]# vi Makefile.am
 #Makefile.am
 bin_PROGRAMS    = str
 str_SOURCES     = include/str.h src/str.c
 str_CPPFLAGS    = -I include/

automake 这个命令需要用到这个配置文件。各个选项意思比较直观，不多说。

6、autoheader

 [root@localhost str]#sudo  autoheader

7、automake必须文件：

 *  install-sh
 * missing
 * INSTALL
 * NEWS
 * README
 * AUTHORS
 * ChangeLog
 * COPYING
 * depcomp

其中，以下文件在执行automake -a的时候会自动生成

 * install-sh
 * missing
 * INSTALL
 * COPYING
 * depcomp

所以，接下来手动生成剩下的文件

 [root@localhost str]# touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog

8、执行automake -a

 [root@localhost str]# sudo automake -a
 configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'
 configure.ac: installing `./missing'
 Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
 Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'
 Makefile.am: installing `./compile'
 Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'

9、autoconf

 [root@localhost str]# sudo autoconf
 [root@localhost str]# ls
 aclocal.m4      autoscan.log  config.h.in   configure.scan  include     Makefile.am  NEWS
 AUTHORS         ChangeLog     configure     COPYING         INSTALL     Makefile.in  README
 autom4te.cache  compile       configure.ac  depcomp         install-sh  missing      src

10、执行./configure

 [root@localhost str]# ./configure
 checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
 checking whether build environment is sane... yes
 checking for gawk... gawk
 checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
 checking for gcc... gcc
 checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
 checking whether the C compiler works... yes
 checking whether we are cross compiling... no
 checking for suffix of executables...
 checking for suffix of object files... o
 checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
 checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
 checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
 checking for style of include used by make... GNU
 checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
 configure: creating ./config.status
 config.status: creating Makefile
 config.status: creating config.h
 config.status: config.h is unchanged
 config.status: executing depfiles commands

执行 make

 [root@localhost str]# make
 make  all-am
 make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
 if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I.  -I include/   -g -O2 -MT str-str.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/str-str.Tpo" -c -o str-str.o `test -f 'src/str.c' || echo './'`src/str.c; \
 then mv -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo" ".deps/str-str.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
 gcc  -g -O2   -o str  str-str.o
 make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

此时已经生成了 str（可执行文件名字在前面设置Makefile.am的参数时候去顶）这个，可以通过./str直接看到运行结果

 [root@localhost str]# ./str
 Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]
 abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd

 ----PRINT STRING----
 "abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"

不过这里我们都做一步，把它安装到系统里面，这样我们只要在终端输入str就可以运行程序了。

 执行 make install：

 [root@localhost str]# make install
 make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
 test -z "/u/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/u/bin"
   /usr/bin/install -c 'str' '/u/bin/str'
 make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
 make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

接下来你可以make clean 清除安装的那些.o 文件了。

这样生成了一个自动的Makefile。