Scala教程(十一)Curry详解与模式匹配
curry化的函数被应用了多个参数列表,而不是仅仅一个。
// 传统函数 def curringSumOld(x:Int,y:Int) = x * y; // curring化的函数被应用了多个参数列表 def curringSum(x:Int)(y:Int) = x + y; println(curringSum(10)(15));
输出结果: 25
用偏应用函数表达式方式,把占位符标注用在curriedSum里。
// 用偏应用函数表达式方式,把占位符标注用在curriedSum里 val onePlus = curringSum(1)_ println(onePlus(12));输出结果: 13
// 数组对比 val a = Array("hello","scala"); val b = Array("HELLO","SCALA"); // 忽略大小写对比 println(a.corresponds(b)(_.equalsIgnoreCase(_)));输出结果: true
// 正则匹配 val pattern = "([0-9]+) ([a-z]+)".r; "741258933 hadoop" match { case pattern(num,item) => println(num+":"+item) }
输出结果:741258933:hadoop
def match_array(arr:Any) = arr match{ case Array(0) => println("Array:0" ) case Array(x,y) => println("Array:x="+x+",y="+y ) case Array(0,_*) => println("Array:..." ) case _ => println("something else" ) } match_array(Array(0)) match_array(Array(0,1)) match_array(Array(0,1,2,3,4,5)) match_array(Array("one","two","three"))
输出结果:
Array:0
Array:x=0,y=1
Array:...
somethingelse
Scala的case class使得对对象进行模式匹配变得非常方便,简单的来说,Scala的case class就是在普通的类定义前加case这个关键字,然后你可以对这些类来模式匹配。
abstract class Person case class Student(age:Int) extends Person case class Worker(age:Int,salary:Double) extends Person case object Shared extends Person /** * 1、声明case class 每个成员都会默认生成val,如age:Int * 2、每个case class 都会有伴生对象,每个伴生对象都会有自己case class的具体对象 * 3、模式匹配的时候,可以从case class提取内容,提取方法从apply中。 */ object case_class_object { def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { def caseOps(person:Person) = person match{ case Student(age) => println("I am " + age + " years old"); case Worker(_,salary) => println("Wow,I got "+salary) case Shared => println("no property..."); } caseOps(Student(19)) caseOps(Worker(19,4000)) caseOps(Shared) val worker = Worker(29,3000); val worker2 = worker.copy(salary = 5000); val worker3 = worker.copy(age = 31); } }
输出结果:
Iam 19 years old
Wow,Igot 4000.0
noproperty...
abstract class Item case class Book(description: String, price: Double) extends Item case class Bundle(description: String, price: Double, items: Item*) extends Item object pattern_match_case_class_nested { def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { def case_class_nested(person: Item) = person match { // 匹配Bundle类型,嵌套Book类型,Item类型可以0到N个参数 case Bundle(_, _, art @ Book(_, _), rest @ _*) => println(art.description + " : " + art.price) case Bundle(_, _, Book(descr, _), _*) => println("The first description is : " + descr) case _ => println("Oops!!!") } // 输出结果:Scala for the Spark Developer : 69.95 case_class_nested(Bundle("1111 Special's", 30.0, Book("Scala for the Spark Developer", 69.95), Book("Hadoop in Action", 69.95), Book("Hive", 79.95), Book("HBase", 32.86))) } }
输出结果:Scala forthe Spark Developer : 69.95
Options语法:sealed关键字表示:封闭的、密封的、
sealed约束:
其修饰的trait,class只能在当前文件里面被继承。
scala编译器在检查模式匹配的时候, scala就能够在编译时进行检查是否所 有的选项已经列在case中,减少编程的错误。
sealed abstract classOption[+A] extends Product withSerializable {
Options有两个字类,分别让车Some、None
Some中如果有具体的值,则用Some表示。反之,则用None表示。
代码示例:
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { // 声明数组 val scores = Map("Alice" -> 99 , "Spark" -> 100) // 模式匹配 scores.get("Alice") match { // Option子类Some,有具体的值,则之输出。 case Some(score) => println(score) case None => println("No score") } }
输出结果:99
--以上为Curry详解与模式匹配内容,谢谢大家对我的关注。
——厚积薄发(yuanxw)