iOS Masonry的使用详解
Masonry是一个轻量级的布局框架，拥有自己的描述语法，采用更优雅的链式语法封装自动布局，简洁明了并具有高可读性，而且同时支持 iOS 和 Max OS X。Masonry是一个用代码写iOS或OS界面的库，可以代替Auto layout。Masonry的github地址：https://github.com/SnapKit/Masonry
本章内容
- Masonry配置
- Masonry使用
- Masonry实例
Masonry配置
- 推荐使用pods方式引入类库，pod 'Masonry'
- 引入头文件 #import "Masonry.h"
Masonry使用讲解
mas_makeConstraints 是给view添加约束，约束有几种，分别是边距，宽，高，左上右下距离，基准线。添加过约束后可以有修正，修正有offset（位移）修正和multipliedBy（倍率）修正。
语法一般是 make.equalTo or make.greaterThanOrEqualTo or make.lessThanOrEqualTo + 倍数和位移修正。
注意点1： 使用 mas_makeConstraints方法的元素必须事先添加到父元素的中，例如[self.view addSubview:view];
注意点2： mas_equalTo 和 equalTo 区别：masequalTo 比equalTo多了类型转换操作，一般来说，大多数时候两个方法都是 通用的，但是对于数值元素使用mas_equalTo。对于对象或是多个属性的处理，使用equalTo。特别是多个属性时，必须使用equalTo,例如 make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);
注意点3: 注意到方法with和and,这连个方法其实没有做任何操作，方法只是返回对象本身，这个方法的左右完全是为了方法写的时候的可读性 。make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);和make.left.right.equalTo(self.view);是完全一样的，但是明显的加了and方法的语句可读性 更好点。
Masonry初级使用例子
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// exp1: 中心点与self.view相同，宽度为400*400
-(void)exp1{
UIView *view = [UIView new];
[view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[self.view addSubview:view];
[view mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.center.equalTo(self.view);
make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(400,400));
}];
}
//exp2: 上下左右边距都为10
-(void)exp2{
UIView *view = [UIView new];
[view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[self.view addSubview:view];
[view mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.edges.equalTo(self.view).with.insets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(10, 10, 10, 10));
// make.left.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10);
// make.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(-10);
// make.top.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10);
// make.bottom.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(-10);
}];
}
//exp3 让两个高度为150的view垂直居中且等宽且等间隔排列 间隔为10
-(void)exp3{
UIView *view1 = [UIView new];
[view1 setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[self.view addSubview:view1];
UIView *view2 = [UIView new];
[view2 setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
[self.view addSubview:view2];
[view1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.centerY.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_centerY);
make.height.mas_equalTo(150);
make.width.mas_equalTo(view2.mas_width);
make.left.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10);
make.right.mas_equalTo(view2.mas_left).offset(-10);
}];
[view2 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.centerY.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_centerY);
make.height.mas_equalTo(150);
make.width.mas_equalTo(view1.mas_width);
make.left.mas_equalTo(view1.mas_right).with.offset(10);
make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).offset(-10);
}];
}
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Masonry高级使用例子1
iOS计算器使用Masorny布局：
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//高级布局练习 ios自带计算器布局
-(void)exp4{
//申明区域，displayView是显示区域，keyboardView是键盘区域
UIView *displayView = [UIView new];
[displayView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]];
[self.view addSubview:displayView];
UIView *keyboardView = [UIView new];
[self.view addSubview:keyboardView];
//先按1：3分割 displView（显示结果区域）和 keyboardView（键盘区域）
[displayView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(self.view.mas_top);
make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);
make.height.equalTo(keyboardView).multipliedBy(0.3f);
}];
[keyboardView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(displayView.mas_bottom);
make.bottom.equalTo(self.view.mas_bottom);
make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);
}];
//设置显示位置的数字为0
UILabel *displayNum = [[UILabel alloc]init];
[displayView addSubview:displayNum];
displayNum.text = @"0";
displayNum.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"HeiTi SC" size:70];
displayNum.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
displayNum.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentRight;
[displayNum mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.and.right.equalTo(displayView).with.offset(-10);
make.bottom.equalTo(displayView).with.offset(-10);
}];
//定义键盘键名称，？号代表合并的单元格
NSArray *keys = @[@"AC",@"+/-",@"%",@"÷"
,@"7",@"8",@"9",@"x"
,@"4",@"5",@"6",@"-"
,@"1",@"2",@"3",@"+"
,@"0",@"?",@".",@"="];
int indexOfKeys = 0;
for (NSString *key in keys){
//循环所有键
indexOfKeys++;
int rowNum = indexOfKeys %4 ==0? indexOfKeys/4:indexOfKeys/4 +1;
int colNum = indexOfKeys %4 ==0? 4 :indexOfKeys %4;
NSLog(@"index is:%d and row:%d,col:%d",indexOfKeys,rowNum,colNum);
//键样式
UIButton *keyView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[keyboardView addSubview:keyView];
[keyView setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[keyView setTitle:key forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[keyView.layer setBorderWidth:1];
[keyView.layer setBorderColor:[[UIColor blackColor]CGColor]];
[keyView.titleLabel setFont:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-BoldItalicMT" size:30]];
//键约束
[keyView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
//处理 0 合并单元格
if([key isEqualToString:@"0"] || [key isEqualToString:@"?"] ){
if([key isEqualToString:@"0"]){
[keyView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.height.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_height).with.multipliedBy(.2f);
make.width.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_width).multipliedBy(.5);
make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_left);
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.9f);
}];
}if([key isEqualToString:@"?"]){
[keyView removeFromSuperview];
}
}
//正常的单元格
else{
make.width.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_width).with.multipliedBy(.25f);
make.height.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_height).with.multipliedBy(.2f);
//按照行和列添加约束，这里添加行约束
switch (rowNum) {
case 1:
{
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.1f);
keyView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:205 green:205 blue:205 alpha:1];
}
break;
case 2:
{
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.3f);
}
break;
case 3:
{
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.5f);
}
break;
case 4:
{
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.7f);
}
break;
case 5:
{
make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.9f);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
//按照行和列添加约束，这里添加列约束
switch (colNum) {
case 1:
{
make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_left);
}
break;
case 2:
{
make.right.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_centerX);
}
break;
case 3:
{
make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_centerX);
}
break;
case 4:
{
make.right.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_right);
[keyView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:243 green:127 blue:38 alpha:1]];
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}];
}
}
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本例子使用的baseline去控制高度位置，这似乎不是太准，如果想要精准控制高度位置，可以使用一行一行添加的方法，每次当前行的top去equelTo上一行的bottom。 给个提示：
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for（遍历所有行)
for（遍历所以列）
//当前行约束根据上一行去设置
......
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下一个例子中，使用上面类似的方法
Masonry高级使用例子2
根据设计图，使用masonry布局：
步骤1
步骤2
步骤1
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-(void)createUI{
UIView *titleView = [UIView new];
titleView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
UIView *caredView = [UIView new];
[self.view addSubview:caredView];
UIView *brifeView = [UIView new];
[self.view addSubview:brifeView];
//self.view
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.965 alpha:1.000];
//thrm
UIImageView *plantThrm = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"defalutPlantReferenceIcon"]];
[self.view addSubview:plantThrm];
[plantThrm mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.and.top.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10);
}];
//title
[self.view addSubview:titleView];
UIImageView *bgTitleView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bg-plant-reference-title"]];
[titleView addSubview:bgTitleView];
[titleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right);
make.left.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_right).with.offset(20);
make.centerY.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_centerY);
}];
[bgTitleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.edges.equalTo(titleView);
}];
UILabel *title = [[UILabel alloc]init];
title.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
title.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:26];
title.text = _reference.name;
[titleView addSubview:title];
[title mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.equalTo(titleView.mas_left).offset(10);
make.width.equalTo(titleView.mas_width);
make.centerY.equalTo(titleView.mas_centerY);
}];
//植物养护
UILabel *caredTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init];
caredTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000];
caredTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10];
caredTitle.text = @"植物养护";
[self.view addSubview:caredTitle];
[caredTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_bottom).with.offset(20);
make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10);
make.height.mas_equalTo(10);
}];
//将图层的边框设置为圆脚
caredView.layer.cornerRadius = 5;
caredView.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
//给图层添加一个有色边框
caredView.layer.borderWidth = 1;
caredView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.521 alpha:1.000] CGColor];
caredView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
[caredView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(caredTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5);
make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10);
make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10);
make.height.equalTo(brifeView);
}];
//植物简介
UILabel *brifeTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init];
brifeTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000];
brifeTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10];
brifeTitle.text = @"植物简介";
[self.view addSubview:brifeTitle];
[brifeTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(caredView.mas_bottom).with.offset(20);
make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10);
make.height.mas_equalTo(10);
}];
//将图层的边框设置为圆脚
brifeView.layer.cornerRadius = 5;
brifeView.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
//给图层添加一个有色边框
brifeView.layer.borderWidth = 1;
brifeView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.521 alpha:1.000] CGColor];
brifeView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
[brifeView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.top.equalTo(brifeTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5);
make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10);
make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10);
make.bottom.equalTo(self.view.mas_bottom).with.offset(-10);
make.height.equalTo(caredView);
}];
}
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完成之后如下图 步骤1
步骤2,在上面的基础上，增加植物养护部分ui构造的代码，思想是，先构造出四行，然后根据每行单独构造出行样式。
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//把块拆分为四行
-(void)createIndexUIWithView:(UIView *)view{
//拆分四行
UIView *row1 = [UIView new];
UIView *row2 = [UIView new];
UIView *row3 = [UIView new];
UIView *row4 = [UIView new];
[view addSubview:row1];
[view addSubview:row2];
[view addSubview:row3];
[view addSubview:row4];
[row1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.right.and.left.equalTo(view);
make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25);
make.top.equalTo(view.mas_top);
}];
[row2 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.right.and.left.equalTo(view);
make.top.equalTo(row1.mas_bottom);
make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25);
}];
[row3 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.right.equalTo(view.mas_right);
make.top.equalTo(row2.mas_bottom);
make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25);
make.left.equalTo(view.mas_left);
}];
[row4 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
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